1905.] OF THE GENUS RHINOLOPHUS. 135 



Colour. S ad. and 5 ^^-t in alcohol, unfaded ; teeth unworn. 

 As Hh. refidgens. 



Skull. As in Bh. sumatranus, but maxillai- width, across the 

 antero-external corners of m^, narrower (8'1 mm., as against 8' 6 

 in Rh. sumatranus). 



Dentition. Essentially as in Rh. sumatranus, but the interspace 

 between the upper canine and p' broader ; p, and p^ not quite in 

 contact. 



Type. S ad. (in alcohol). Kifa Juc, Engano. CoUected by 

 Dr. E. Modigliani. Presented by Marquis G. Doria. Brit. Mus. 

 no. 94.1.7.3. 



General Remarks on the Rhinolophus lepidus Group. 



The ancestral species. — The ancestors of the simplex and lepidtis 

 groups were very closely related. The latter had a projecting 

 connecting process, a slightly smaller skull and teeth. But the 

 general shape of the skioll, the dentition, the nose-leaves, apart 

 frora the process and a very slight difference in the shape of the 

 sella, the ears, the wing- structure, the length of the tail, and, we 

 might even say, probably the size, were either identical or ex- 

 tremely similar in both of these extinct Bats. 



The 2}l(('Ce of origin. — There can scarcely be any doubt that 

 the lepidus group originated much farther westwards than the 

 simjjlex grouj?. If we regard JajDan as a continental group of 

 islands, and put aside Java, on account of its peculiar geological 

 history, we still find, not only the most primitive, but in fact all 

 the species of the lepidus section on the Continent. It is only 

 the acuminatiijS section which has spread over the adjacent larger 

 islands, one of which (Sumatra) has comparatively recently been con- 

 tinental, while another (Java), probably in a more remote period, 

 seems to have been connected with some part or other of Indo- 

 Ohina ; and only one form, still so closely related to the Java 

 species as hardly to be specifically difierent, has found its way so 

 f ar eastwa^rds as Lombok. The hypothesis, therefore, cannot be 

 called unfounded, that of the two ancestral species, the ancient 

 " simplex" and the ancient " lepidus," the former was Eastern in 

 range (Austro-Indo-Malayan), the latter Western (Oriental). 



Differentiation* . — From a systematic point of view I found it 

 convenient to divide the lepidics section into three " types " ; I 

 think that, phylogenetically speaking, there are two only : the 

 lepidus and the m,inor type. The former, as coming nearest to 

 simplex in the proportionate size of the skull and teeth, is, 

 probably, the more primitive ; it is now distributed over the 

 Indian Peninsula (lepidus), the Himalayas [inonticola), and Malacca 

 {refulgens). The latter, the mi?ior-type, has spread from the 

 Himalayas {minor) eastwards through S. China to Japan [cormcttos) ; 

 it is represented on the now quite isolated Anambas Islands 

 (" minidus") ; its occurrence in Java is not surprising, consideiing 



* Compare the diagram on p. 138. 



