1905.] OF THE GENUS RHINOLOPHUS. 137 



(2) The lander i-enjvycde type. — The Ethiopian RJi. landeri 

 (Fernando Po, Gaboon), lih. lobatus (Lower Zambesi to Mombasa), 

 and Bh. dohsoni'^ (Kordofan) have the small skull and the small 

 teeth characteristic of 7ninor-suhbadi'US ; the same shape of the 

 skull ; the same dentition (no vacillation in the position of pj ; 

 the process is that of a suhbadius. In so far there is no difference 

 at all between this section and the former [empicsa-blasii). But 

 in the shape of the sella and in a certain peculiarity in the wing- 

 structure they have taken a course of their own : — We have seen, 

 in the shnjylex group, a progressive development from a sella 

 constricted at the middle, through a parallel- margined stage, to 

 a pandurate sella ; we have seen in the lejndios group, too, the 

 constricted sella {ininor) modified into the parallel-maigined 

 {gracilis) ; the Ethiopian species here under consideration represent 

 the third ?cn.^ final stage, the pandurate sella. In addition to this : 

 in all of them TV} is peculiarly shortened : less than (extremely 

 i-arely, as a slight individual atavism, equal to) half the length 

 of IY\ As in Rh. empiosa and blasii. III." is lengthened. 



Rh. euryale, from the Mediterranean Subregion, is so extremely 

 closely allied to the above-named Ethiopian species that it shares 

 with them all essential characters (even the highly piecidiar 

 shortening of TV }), with one exception: it has retained the parallel- 

 margined sella. 



Summary. — When discussing the affinities of the Ethiopian 

 species of the Rh. simplex group (above, pp. 117-20), I arrived 

 at the conclusion that they are undoubtedly derived from 

 Oriental types, and that, most probably, the ancestral species 

 have spread directly from South Asia into the Ethiopian Region. 

 As will be observed from this, a study of the Ethiopian repre- 

 sentatives of the Rh. lepidus group leads to quite the same 

 result : they have their closest known allies in the Oriental 

 Region, but they are, without exception, considerably more 

 highly developed than any of their Oriental relatives. Bats of 

 the subbadius-tj])e have evidently spread from some part of 

 South Asia south westwards into the Ethiopian Region [empicsa ; 

 landeri, lobatus, dobsoni), and westwards over the Mediterranean 

 countries {blasii ; euryale). Of all the species of the Rh. lepidus 

 group only one has found its way to Lower Egypt, Rh. euryale. 

 It is a species exclusively Mediterranean in range, and unusually 

 liable to differentiation into slightly differing local forms f. 

 Its presence in Lower Egypt is easily explained by invasion 

 from the adjacent Asiatic coast of the Mediterranean, where it 

 is very common (specimens from Lower Egypt are indistinguish- 

 able from the Palestine foi'm, Rh. e. judaicus) +• 



* Thomas, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiv. (1904) p. 156. 



t Andersen and Matschie, " Ueber einige geogvapliisclie Formen der Uutergattung 

 JSiiryalus" (SB. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1904, pp. 71-83). 



X Although it is beyond the strict limits of the present paper, I propose to insert 

 a few words on the remaining Ethioi)ian species of the genus :■ — The athiops section 

 {Mh. iBthiops, hildehrandti, and famigatus) are very closely related to the Hima- 

 layan Bh. macrotis, but much more highly developed in the dentition, the wing- 



