144 MR. K. ANDERSEN ON BATS [M^y 16, 



proof that it did not reach Erythi^ea and Sennar from the Mediter- 

 ranean, by way of the Nile Yalley, but via the formerly existing, 

 broad land-connection between S.W. Asia and N.E. Africa. The 

 individuals which established themselves in Central Europe, N. 

 of the Balkans and the Alps, gradually making their way as far 

 north as the Baltic, developed into a distinct', larger race {Bh. h, 

 typictis). The Biitish colony, originally the extreme western off- 

 shoot of the larger form, but soon cut off from communication 

 with the Continental main stem, also developed into a distinct 

 race {Rh. h. mmiih(s) ; it got the not unusual stamp of an island 

 form : the smaller size ; and so it came to occupy, seemingly, 

 but neither phylogenetically nor geographically, a somewhat 

 intermediate position between the northern and southern 

 races of hipposidertis, between its immediate and its more remote 

 progenitors. 



It is worth noticing that Bli. hipposiderus is distributed over the 

 whole of England, occurring also in several places in Ireland, 

 whereas Rh. ferrumi-equinum is confined to the extreme south 

 of England, apparently not farther north than Essex, Gloucester, 

 and Pembroke, and has never reached Ireland. It may indicate 

 that of these two comparatively recent immigrants into the 

 British Islands, Rli. hipposiderus was the earlier comer. This 

 assumption seems strengthened by another fact. On the Continent 

 Rh. hipposiderus goes farther northwards and considerably higher 

 up on the mountains \h.?a\.ferr'imn-eq%dmi'm. It is but reasonable 

 to suppose that the more hardy species was also the first to make 

 its way to England. 



IV. Summary, 



1. A progressive evolution is pointed out fi-om the Austro- 

 Malayan Rli. simplex, through a loug series of Oriental foims, to 

 the Western Palfearctic Rh. ferrum-equinum (pp. 76-120 ; resume 

 pp. 116-120). 



2. A similar chain from the Oriental Rh. lepidus to the 

 Western Palfearctic Rh.:Uasii and Rh. eurycde (pp. 123-138; 

 resume pp. 135-138). 



3. The Western Palfearctic Rh. hipposiderus has no closer 

 known relative than Rh. midas from the coast of the Persian 

 Gulf, which again can be traced back to the Oriental Rh. minor 

 (pp. 138-144). 



4. All the Ethiopian representatives of the genus Rhinolopthus 

 are of Oriental origin (pp. 117-120, 136-138). 



5. The following 26 forms (14 species and 12 subspecies) are 

 described as new, all of them Austro-Malayan, Oriental, or 

 Asiatic-Pfiltearctic : — Rh. simplex, p. 76 ; megcqohyllus monachus, 

 p. 80 ; nanus, p. 82 ; celelensis, p. 83 ; tirgo, p. 88 ; nereis, p. 90 ; 

 stheno, p. 91 ; rouxi sinicus, p. 98 ; thomasi, p. 100 ; afflnis hima- 

 layanus, p. 103; a. tener, p. 103; a. macricrus, p. 103; a. su,pe- 

 rans, p. 104 ; a. nesites, p. 104 ; a. princeps, p. 106 ; ferriim- 



