1901.] AKATOMY or COGIA BEBVICEPS. 117 



Turner's accounts (13, 14) of the organ in Odontocetes, though it 

 diiFers from that of Porpoise or Dolphin, and appears to agree 

 with that of the Sperm Whale. The oesophagus, which is 2 

 inches across (externally), is dilated below the entrance to the 

 true stomach, to form a large ovoid pouch or " paunch " 7 inches 

 in length and 5 in breadth \ 



The true stomach arises from the side of the oesophagus just 

 above the commencement of the crop-like dilatation. It has the 

 form of a long wide sac, somewhat like a curved sausMge, extending 

 beyond the end of the paunch, and measuring 15 inches in a 

 straight line taken from its anterior margin to the hindmost end. 



This sac may be termed the " cardiac chamber." It presents a 

 " greater curvature " directed towards the right side, and a " lesser 

 curvature," facing the paunch. Along the lesser curvature there 

 are two slight constrictions, so that this chamber seems to be 

 subdivided; but in reality it is one great sac. The constrictions 

 are mere indentations of the wall, and there is no corresponding 

 fold of the mucous membrane internally. On the dorsal surface 

 of this cardiac chamber, at about midway along its length, and 

 close to the lesser curvature, there arises a small sac, which soon 

 becomes a distinct tube. Most unfortunately this had been cut 

 across. It is the second chamber of the true stomach ; and we are 

 at present ignorant of how many chambers there are in Oogia, 

 though probably only these two. For convenience I will term it 

 the " pyloric chamber " for reasons that will become evident 

 later. 



This pyloric chamber commences as a depressed, subcircular, 

 thin-walled swelling on the side of the cardiac chamber. It soon 

 becomes tubular; but for about 4 inches remains adherent to 

 the cardiac chamber, then leaves it as a free tube, one inch in 

 diameter; but only about one inch of this tube remains in the 

 specimen. 



The hardened and distended stomach was opened by cutting 

 windows, of convenient size, in the walls. The cardiac orifice is 

 on the side wall of the oesophagus. It is usually stated that in 

 Dolphins and other Cetacea in which a paunch is present, this 

 and the cardiac chamber communicate with the oesophagus " at the 

 same point," thereby inferring a sort of bifurcation of the oesophagus ; 

 but in Cogia the cardiac orifice (PL X. fig. 14) is a wide oval 

 aperture, about 4 inches long, on the side wall of the oesophagus. 

 It is surrounded by a very prominent rounded ridge (g), recalling a 

 sphincter muscle, though it is a fold of the mucous membrane and 

 the submucosa only, and the muscular coat is not involved. From 

 the margin of this orifice the lining (h) of the oesophagus projects 



1 This and the following measurements were obtained from the preserved 

 and not from the fresh specimen. The stomach and paunch having been emptied 

 of their contents and thoroughly washed with water, were distended by filling 

 them with strong alcohol, the ends being tightened ; the alcohol was poured in 

 through a funnel, not injected, so that the distension is not exaggerated. The 

 whole was then laid in strong alcohol for about four months before I had time 

 to examine them. 



