1901.] ANATOMY or COGIA BEEVICBPS. 121 



this chamber ; for fish-bones, cuttle-beaks, and other indigestible 

 remains of the food are found in the paunch, and never in the 

 stomach : that, in fact, it is a " macerating chamber : " that these 

 things are rejected through the mouth, just as owls reject the 

 undigested parts of their food. 



In view of his own insistence on the oesophageal nature of this 

 first compartment, it is to be regretted that Turner does not, 

 in his memoirs, speak more definitely of it as a " paunch " and thus 

 draw attention to it more strongly ; in his figures, for instance, 

 he labels it " 1 " as he also does the first compartment of the 

 ziphioid stomach. It may be objected that "paunch" is used for 

 a particular part of the ruminant stomach ; that in this no digestive 

 juice is poured on to the food while it is retained there ; that it is 

 a mere reservoir, and not a macerating chamber. But according to 

 Prof. Fleming (Chauveau's Comp. Anat. 1891) both the paunch 

 and the reticulum are lined by " stratified epithelium," and there- 

 fore are as much oesophageal dilatations as the 1st chamber of the 

 " stomach " in Cetacea ; they are morphologically similar, even if 

 physiologically dissimilar. 



In these days of ' precise nomenclature,' it is strange that such 

 a word as '' stomach " is so very vaguely employed for all sorts of 

 sacs : primarily used for the digestive chamber in man, the meaning 

 of the woi'd has been extended to include a variety of dilated 

 portions of the alimentary system in different animals, e.^., the 

 gizzard of the Crayfish is not a " stomach," although frequently so 

 termed, nor is the paunch of Cetacea or Ruminants. 



Messieurs Pilliet and Boulart [8] have pointed out that the 

 stomach of Cetacea cannot be compared in detail with that of 

 Ruminants : but it seems that, so far as this first compartment is 

 concerned, there is a morphological resemblance, and to some 

 degree a physiological one \ 



The true "stomach" consists, as we know, of a "pars cardiaca"aud 

 a " pars pylorica " ; and while both these are present in the Cetacea 

 and Ruminant, there is in addition an oesophageal paunch. In the 

 whales, the pars pylorica and perhaps the pars eardiaca may be 

 further subdivided. 



Returning, now, to Cogia ; the mutilated condition of the 

 organ prevents us comparing it in detail, as I should have wished 

 to do, with that of other Odontocetes ; but so much as remains 

 indicates that it differs from the stomach of the Delphinidse, in the 

 fact that the "pyloric chamber" (=3rd chamber in the sense of 

 other authors) soon becomes free from the wall of the cardiac (or 

 2nd chamber), and is evidently the commencement of a tubular 

 region; whereas in Porpoise, Dolphin, &c., this " 3rd chamber" is 

 totally adherent to wall of the " 2nd " (as in Glohicephalus, where 

 Murie calls it the " burrowing passage "), or it is globular in form, 

 whilst additional chambers exist. Naturally one turns for elucidation 

 to Physettr macrocejohalus, of which but little seems to be known. 



^ I have beeu unable to consult either this or Mas Weber's valuable work 

 in the Morph. Jahrb. xiii. 1888, or Pouchet and Beauregard in the original. 



