060 MESSES. B. C. A. WINDLE AND E. G. PARSONS ON [DeC. 17, 



The sterno-facialis is well-marked in the Suidse — Pig (5, 7), Wild 

 Boar (10), Eed-EiA-er Hog (11), Babimsa (12), and Peccary (13, 

 14) ; but a curious point about it is that it lies superficial to the 

 platysma instead of deep to it, as in most mammals. 



In the TragulidsB (20, 21) the muscle is generally absent. 



In the Cervidse we only have records of it in two dissections of 

 Brocket Deer; in one (Oariacus riifus, 27) the muscle was absent, 

 but in the other (C. mexicanus, 28) it was present. 



In the Giraffe we can find no specific mention of the muscle, 

 but we feel sure that if it had been present, either Owen (XIII.), 

 Murie (XXXII.), or Joly & Lavocat (XII.) would have taken some 

 notice of it, as the attention of all these writers had been specially 

 directed to the neck-muscles. 



Among the Bovidse, Chauveau (II.) says the sterno-facialis is 

 present in the Ox ; but there seems little doubt that it is absent in 

 the Sheep (39, 43, 45), as it was also in our Duiker-bok (49) 

 among the Antelopes. Chauveau (II,) notices the feebleness of 

 the cervical pauuiculus in the Sheep. 



In the Perissodactyla the sterno-facialis was absent in our Tapir 

 (54), and Murie makes no mention of it in his (55), while in the 

 Horse, and especially the Ass, it is present, but not distinct from 

 the platysma. 



Of the Rhinoceros we have no records. 



Among the Subungulata the muscle is certainly absent in the 

 Hyrax (68), and no mention is made of it hj any writer on the 

 Elephant, nor do Cuvier and Laurillard figure it in that animal 



(77)- 



Summing up, we feel justified in sayiug that the Ungulates as 



an order do not shoAv a high development of the panniculus car- 

 nosus, that the platysma and sterno-facialis are much more highly 

 developed in the Suidic than in the other families, and that the 

 latter muscle is sometimes present, but more often absent through- 

 out the order. 



Facial Muscles. 



Orbicularis jialpehrarum closely resembles the same muscle in 

 Man ; as a rule the ])art belo\\- the eye is better developed than 

 that above, this is especially the case in the Elephant (74, 75, 77). 

 Watson (XXX.) describes elaboi*ate details which possibly are not 

 constant as they were unnoticed by Miall and Grreenwood and 

 Cuvier. 



Orbicularis oris has no bony attachments, but is continuous with 

 the various muscles acting on the mouth. In those animals, such 

 as the Elephant and the Tapir, which possess a trunk, the muscle 

 is prolonged into the lateral longitudinal bundle of that organ. 



Zygomaticus. — A well-marked and very constant muscle, which 

 rises from the malar bone below the orbit and runs to the angle of 

 the mouth. The only Ungulate in which we failed to find this 

 muscle was the Hyrax. 



SuperJiciaUs faciei. — We have ventured to suggest this name for 



