67U MESSBS..B. C. A. AVINBLE AND T. G. PAliSONS OS [l)eC. 1?, 



the Camel iinist be borne iu mind : but he lays stress on the fact 

 tliat the two muscles have different nerve-supplies, the stylo- 

 pharyngeus being as usual supplied by the glosso-pharyugeal 

 nerve. 



In the following animals the stylo-hyoid splits to enclose the 

 digastric : — Peccary (13), Eed-Eiver Hog (11), only on. one side, 

 Chevrotain (20), Brocket (28), Monflou (45). In the other 

 animals which we dissected, or of which details are available, the 

 muscle passes deep to the digastric, with the exception of the 

 Giraffe (ol) and Hippopotamus (3), where it is superticiah In 

 the Elephant we have ah-eady remarked that Miall and Greenwood 

 apparently described the stylo-hyoid as part of the digastric ; but 

 Young (XXXI.) failed to find any separate stylo-hyoid. 



Styloglossus. — ^This muscle usually rises from the lower end of 

 the stylo-hyal bone, and runs along tlie outer surface of the hyo- 

 glossus to the tongue. In the Ox (32), Duiker-bok (49), and 

 Brocket (28) the muscle was double, and we are inclined to think 

 that this was the condition in Kiuberg's Chevrotain, although he 

 uses a different terminology (see text-fig. 88). 

 The nerve-supply is the hypoglossal. 



Stylo-pJiaryngeus rises from the stylo-hyoid bone beneath the 

 backwardly-projecting tuberosity, and is inserted into the posterior 

 margin of the thyroid cartilage A^ery much as in Man (see text- 

 fig. 88). The only points about it to which we wish to draw 

 attention are that Mivart and Murie were doubtful about its 

 presence in Hyrax (67), but it was undoubtedly present in our 

 specimen (68) ; and that Steel (XIX.) says that in the Ass the 

 hyo-pharyngeus, which we presume is synonymous with the stylo- 

 pharyngeus, has often an extra head from the inferior third of 

 the stylo-hyoid, in addition to the normal head from the superior 

 third. 



The nerve-supply is the glosso-pharyngeal. 

 Hyoideus latus. — This muscle, which is sometimes called the 

 liyoideus parvus or cerato-hyoideus parvus, is usually present in 

 Ungulates ; at least it is present in the following fairly repre- 

 sentative series :— Hippopotamus, Pig, Chevrotain, Brocket, Ox, 

 Sheep, Moufloii, Duiker-bok, Horse, and Ass (see text-fig. 89); 

 it passes from the thyro-hyal to the cerato- and epihyals, thus 

 connecting and approximating the second and third arches. Bronn 

 (VI.) says that it is supplied by the facial nerve ; but up to the 

 present we regret that we have failed to find the nerve to it. 



In the Ass, Steel (XIX.) says that the muscle is sometimes 

 absent. 



Hyokleas transversus. — This muscle connects the cerato- and 

 epihyal of one side to those of the other across the mid-line. It 

 is found in the Hippopotaraidge, Tragulidse, Cervidse, Bovidae, and 

 Equidte as far as our present knowledge goes, but not the Siiidae. 

 Ot^ the other families we have no satisfactory records. According 

 to Bronn (VI.) it is supplied by the facial nerve. 



Hyo-epiglottideas riais from the basihyal, and slightly from the 



