674 MESSBS. B. 0; A. WlNDlJi ANt» F. G. PAKSONS ON [Uec. 17, 



steriio- mastoid ruus from tlie sterumu to the parainastoid process 

 (1, 3), and in (1) sends a fibrous expansion to the posterior border 

 of the ramus of the mandible. The cleido-mastoid is blended 

 with the cephalo-humeral posteriorly, but anteriorly it is inserted 

 into the paramastoid and ])aroecipital processes (c)), or into the 

 occipital curved Hue (1). Beyond the fibrous expansion already 

 noticed there is no attachment to the masseter. 



In the Suidte (4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14) the muscles are of the 

 generalized mammalian type, and there is no masseteric atlach- 

 ment. The sterno-mastoid runs from the sternum to the para- 

 mastoid process, while the cleido-mastoid rises from the tendinous 

 intersection in the cephalo-humeral muscle marking the site of 

 the clavicle, and runs up to be inserted into the same place as the 

 sterno-mastoid, but deep to it. Between these two muscles runs 

 the spinal accessory nerve, by which they are supplied. 



In the Camel (18) the two sterno-mastoids are fused in the 

 posterior third of the neck, anteriorly there is an insertion into 

 the angle of the lower jaw as well as into the paramastoid process 

 (16, 18). 



In the Tragulidse (20, 21) the sterno-mastoids are connected 

 with one another in the lower third of the neck, and there is a 

 distinct masseteric insertion into the fascia over the masseter 

 by means of \a hich the muscle acts upon the zygomatic arch. The 

 cleido-mastoid, as usual, is more or less fused with the cephalo- 

 humeral. 



In the Cervidae (24, 25, 27, 28) the sterno-masseteric portion of 

 the sterno-mastoid ends in a thin tendon, which fuses with the 

 anterior border of the masseter and so reaches the zygomatic 

 arch. Macalister says that the sterno-mandibularis (sterno-mas- 

 setericus) takes the place of the sterno-mastoid ; this we do not 

 think is the case, as we have always been able to find a para- 

 mastoid insertion in addition to the masseteric, although it is a 

 good deal hidden by the latter. The cleido-mastoid is, as usual, 

 blended uith the cephalo-humeral in the posterior part of the 

 neck. 



In the Giraffidae(29,31) the sterno-maxillaris is present. Owen 

 says (31) that it is fleshy all the uay to the angle of the jaw, 

 while Joly and Lavocat say (29) that it is inserted into the angle 

 of the jaw and the surface of the masseter. 



Among the Bovidse the sterno-mastoid is inserted into the 

 paramastoid process and into the basioccipital with the rectus 

 capitis ventrahs (anticus) major in the Ox (32, 33, 35), Sheep (38, 

 39, 40, 41, 43), and Goat (46), though in the Duiker-bok (49) we 

 failed to find the basioccipital insertion. The sterno-inasseteric 

 insertion is present in the Ox (32, 33), Goat (46), and Duiker- 

 bok (49) (see text-fig. 86), and combines with the anterior part of 

 the masseter just as it does in the Cervidse ; but in the Sheep 

 (38, 41, 43, 45) (see text-fig. 87) the masseteric insertion is absent, 

 and this seems to be one of the few myological points of distinction 

 between the Sheep and the Goat, 



