1901.] THE .AfUSCLES OF THE UNHULATA. 098 



it is preseut it is usually merely a fibrous band slrctehiug from 

 the internal condyle to the middle of the .shaft of the radius on 

 its anterior surface. 



In the Hippopotamus (1, 3) it is absent. 



In the Su'.dae it may be present as a small fleshv muscle (5, 6, 

 7. 14) or absent (11, 12). 



In the Camelidse (18) it is rudimentary. 



In the Tragulidse (20, 21) it is small but fleshv. 



In the Cervidfe (25, 26, 27, 28) absent. 



In the Bovidse it is absent according to ChauA'eau (IT.) and 

 Bronn (YI.), feeble according to Lesbros (V.). We found it as a 

 fibrous band in the Ox (3G), Sheep (45), and Antelope (49) ; and 

 Meckel (VII. ) says it is rudimentary in the Goat. 



In the Tapirida? a feeble muscle was present in 50. 52 rr, and 

 55, but not in 52 or 54. 



In the Equidse, Chauveau (II.) and Bronn (VL) say that it is 

 absent ; but Lesbres (V.) describes an occasional fibrous rudi- 

 mentary band. 



In the Ehinoceros (63) it is absent. 



In the Hyrax (67, 68) it is present but rudimentary (see text- 

 fig. 91). 



In the Elephant (72, 74, 77, 78, 79) there is always a strong 

 fibrous band running from the internal condyle to the middle of 

 the radius, but this is usually reinforced by some fleshy fibres. 

 CuA'ier says that this fleshy part is only found close to the flexor 

 carpi radialis ; but Anderson (XXVII.) and Paterson and Dun 

 ( 79) describe it as lying deep to the fibrous band, and having an 

 attachment to the radius about 5 in. long. The specimen of the 

 African Elephant in the Eoy. Coll. Surg. Museum (78) agrees 

 with Anderson's description. From the foregoing it \\-ill be seen 

 that the muscle is best marked in the Suidse and Tragulidse, and 

 least well-marked in the Cervidse and Perissodactyla. In the Pig 

 it is supplied by the median nerve. 



Flexor carpi radialis. — This is the radialis internus of many of 

 the veterinary authors; it rises from the internal condyle, and, 

 after a short, fusiform, fleshy belly, ends in a long tendon which 

 runs in a fibrous canal in the lower half of the radius. The 

 insertion is into the palmar surface of the base of the metacarpal 

 bone of the index or medius, or both, according to their develop- 

 ment. In the Elephant the fieshy belly of the muscle is very 

 remarkable ; between the fleshy bundles are a number of longitu- 

 dinal planes of yellow elastic tissue, which in a transverse section 

 have a coarse network appearance. There is a good specimen of 

 this in the Eoy. Coll. Surg. Museum. The nerve-supply in the 

 Pig (11), Peccary (14), Brocket (27), Sheep (45), Antelope (49), 

 and Elephant (79) is the median. 



Pahnaris longus. — Although this muscle is often described in 

 the scattered literature of the subject, we believe that it is only 

 present in the Subungulata, i. e. in the Procaviida? and Elephan- 

 tidse. The confusion as a rule is due to mistaking the extensor 



