094 MESSES. B, C. A. WIXBLK AN'D T. G, PAESONS ON [Dee. 17, 



carpi ulnaris for the flexor and in calling the flexor carpi uluaris 

 the palmaris longus. Space does not allow us to discuss in detail 

 the so-called palmares longi of different authors ; but in each 

 case we have gone carefully into the question, and, with the 

 exceptions above given, have always found that what is described 

 as a palmaris longus is in ideality some other, or part of some 

 other muscle. 



In Hyrax (07), Mivart and Murie say that the muscle ends in a 

 broad flat tendon which divides into four slips for the digits, and 

 in the palmar portion of which a flat cartilagiuous disk is present. 

 Our own specimen (08) agrees with this, but we found no palmar 

 cartilage (see text-fig. 91). In Meckel's specimen (71) the whole 

 muscle seems to have been replaced by a broad tendon. 



In the Elephant (73, 74, 77, 78, 79) the muscle is well deve- 

 loped and passes into the palmar fascia, after which its distribution 

 seems to depend a good deal on the taste of the dissector, as is 

 so often the case with fibrous planes. 



The nerve-supply in our specimen of Hyrax (08) was the 

 ulnar. 



Flexor sublimis dvjUorum. — -Tins muscle rises from the internal 

 condyle and sometimes from the surface of the flexor profundus. 

 The muscular belly may or may not divide into two distinct slips, 

 and when this is the case the two slips are sometimes connected 

 lower down. The muscle may end in tendons for one, two, three, 

 or four toes, but those for the medius and annularis are of course 

 the most constant. The insertion is into the second phalanx, 

 and the tendon is perfoi'ated by that of the profundus in the 

 usual manunalian manner ; but the fibrous loops which w-e have 

 noticed in other orders of the Mammalia passing round the pro- 

 fundus before the perforation of the sublimis are, if present at all, 

 very feebly developed. In many cases the sublimis in encircling 

 the profundus forms a complete tunnel for it, so that if a section 

 is made the profundus looks like a solid circular fibrous rod which 

 accurately fits into the ring-like sublimis. 



In the Hippopotamus (1) tendons pass to the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 

 5th toes. 



In the Suidae (4, G, 14) the usual insertion is only into the 

 medius and annularis ; but in our specimen of the Eed-Eiver Hog 

 (11) there w^ere tendons to all four toes. Lesbres (V.) points out 

 that in the Pigs the two muscular bellies separate early and end 

 in tendons for their respective digits, without any further con- 

 nection w'ith one another. 



In the Camelidse, Tragulidse, Cervidee, Griraffidce. and Bovidse 

 there are only tendons for the medius and annularis ; in the latter 

 family, as Lesbres (V.) points out, the two fleshy bellies reunite 

 before giving off" the two tendons ; but this is not the case in the 

 Cervidfe or Tragulidae. 



In the Tapir (52, 54, 55) and Ehinoceros (03) there are three 

 tendons, for the index, medius, and annularis respectively. In the 

 Horse, of course, there is only one for the medius. In the Hyrax 



