1901.] THE MUSCLES OF THE L'XGULATA. 695 



(67, 68) there are tendons for the index, medius, and annularis, 

 but they sometimes join the flexor brevis digitorum manus, as 

 will be pointed out under that muscle. In the Elephant we believe 

 that the flexor sublimis is absent. The muscle which jMiall and 

 Grreenwood (XXIX.) describe as sublimis is evidently profundus, 

 for it goes to the terminal phalanges and has the lumbricals rising 

 from it. In the other two Elephants of which we have clear 

 records (77, 78) there is no flexor sublimis. The nerve-raipply is 

 the median in the Deer, Sheep, and ITyrax. 



Flexor hrf>'ls digitorum manus. — -This muscle was first noticed hy 

 Mivart and Mnrie in Hyrax, but since then it has been described 

 by us in many mammals. It is possibly a slip of the flexor sub- 

 limis which has acquired a new origin from the annular ligament 

 and palmar fascia, and its tendons of insertion either join the flexor 

 sublimis or form perforated tendons replacing that muscle. In 

 the Ungulates it is found m the two archaic types Hyrax and 

 Tapir and in the Elephant. In the Tapir (55) Murie found it 

 passing to all four digits ; but we failed to find it in our specimen 

 (54), nor do Cuvier and Laiu'illard figure it in theirs (52). In 

 Hyrax (67), Mivart and Murie found it going to the 2nd, 4th, and 

 5th digits, but it only formed a flexor perforatus in the 4th ; the 

 tendon to the index joined the flexor perforaus, while that to the 

 minimus joined the flexor sublimis and with it formed a flexor 

 perforatus. In our specimen of Hyrax (68) tendons passed to the 

 index, medius, and annularis ; the index-slip joined the tendon of 

 the flexor sublimis (see text-fig. 91), but those for the medius and 

 anuularis formed independent flexores perforati. 



In Miall and Greenwood's Elephant (74) there were slips to the 

 sheath of the annularis and minimus, and in Cuvier and Laurillard's 

 specimen (77) the insertion was appai'ently the same. In the 

 College of Surgeons preparation (78) there is only one tendon for 

 the medius. The nerve-supply is the median. 



Flexor carpi xdnaris. — This is also called the oblique flexor of 

 the metacarpus, the anterior ulnaris, and the ulnaris internus. 

 In many Ungulates it has the usual origin fi-om the internal con- 

 dyle and olecranon, and is inserted into the pisiform ; but the 

 olecraual head is seldom as well developed as in more generalized 

 mammals, and in many eases is absent altogether. 



In the Hippopotamus (1, 3) the t^'o heads are separable as far 

 as the pisiform. 



' In the Suidae (4, 7, 11, 14) the olecraual head is absent. In 

 the Camel (17) both heads are present. 



In the Tragulidoe the olecranal bead \vas present though feeble 

 in our specimen (21), but it is not mentioned by Kinberg (X.). 



In the Cervideo the Brockets (27, 28) have both heads. In the 

 Giraffe, Joly and Lavocat (XII.) neither figure nor mention the 

 olecraual head. 



In the Bovidee, Lesbres points out that the olecranal head is 

 feeble ; it is present in the Ox (42^, Sheep (45), and Goat (48), 

 but not in the D'.jiker-bok (49). In the Tapirida?, Lesbres says 



