SI 



OCCURRENCE OF 



HARTMANNIA SEPTEMSPIRALIS (Razoumovsky) AND 



H. PATULA (Drap.) IN ENGLAND. 



Bv II. C. HUGGINS. 



(Read Ijefore the Society, November 13th, igiS). 



While searching for shells near Dover in late September this year I 

 found among moss on a wall at Ivearsney a number of small shells I 

 took in the bad light (it was almost dark at the time) to be Ena 

 ohsciira. Directly I got into the train, however, I glanced at my 

 captures and saw among the obsciira several small operculate shells 

 quite unknown to me. By reference to Messrs. A. W. Stelfox and 

 A. S. Kennard I found that these were four examples of Hartmarinia 

 septemspiralis (Razoumovsky) and three oi H. pattila (Draparnaud). 

 I could not revisit the locality for almost a month and as several 

 slight frosts had intervened I did not hope to find any more, but, 

 after careful searching I succeeded in getting three more examples of 

 septemspiralis and one oi patula. 



Had the specimens all been of one species, and all septemspiralis^ 

 I might have thought that they were native shells, as owing to their 

 diminutive size and habit of living in moss at the base of walls they 

 might easily have been overlooked, for septemspiralis has a wide con- 

 tinental range, reaching as far north as Bavaria, Alsace, P'inisterre 

 and Pas de Calais; but the occurrence of a species with such a purely 

 southern range as H. patula causes me to regard them both as 

 imported, probably deliberately. I fancy they have been in the 

 locality more than a year, as I found what was apparently an oldish 

 dead shell and also a half-grown example of septemspiralis, and as I 

 had not visited the locality where I found them for several years tiiey 

 may quite easily have been there some time ; also, I do not usually 

 look twice at any shell like Etta obsciira and so may have passed them 

 before. 



Both species are about the same length as Ena obsaira, but can 

 be distinguished very easily by their acutely pointed spires, deep 

 sutures, operculate mouths, and the markedly excentric placing of the 

 mouth, which projects far beyond the outer lines of the shell. H. 

 septemspiralis is of a red and yellow colour, like South Devon H. 

 lapicida, and deeply striated; PI. patula olive grey and very lightly 

 and smoothly striate. 



It is a noticeable fact that since the opening of the various East 

 Kent coal borings, on which a large number of foreign workmen have 



