COI.l.IF.R : RI<;MIXIS(M''.NrF,.S ANT) PKACTICAI, IIIN'I'S ON COI.l.F.C'ITNC;. S3 



14,000 feci, and freshwater shells in the Himalayas at 16,000 feet. 



At Khos, near Colwyn Bay, on the sea front before the present 

 road was made, I found a thrush stone witli not only the usual //. 

 neinoralis, etc., but large strong shells of Lillorina littorea all broken 

 in the same way. 



A few years after I began to collect, it was reported that Hygroinia 

 villosa had been found alive at Cardiff. Mr. Rogers and I went down 

 in 1883 to try and find out if this was correct. We could not find 

 any trace of this species, but we did find dead shells of H. cai-tJtagiii- 

 iensis and H. /(idea on the East Moors, where the ballast was tipped. 

 Whilst in South Wales we went on to Swansea to ascertain if the 

 colony of H. pisa^ia, planted before 1862 by Jeffreys, was still in 

 existence. ^Ve found the species quite common, especially near the 

 starting-place of the old tram-line to Oysterniouth and in considerable 

 variety, but since then I understand the colony has almost died out. 

 I brought a considerable quantity of them alive, and planted them in 

 a sunny position at Monsal Dale, but the experiment did not succeed, 

 as there were none to be found two or three years later. 



U. aspersa has been introduced, and seems to be able to adapt 

 itself to many different localities all over the world. I once wrote to 

 one of my brothers, who was then living at Sea Point, near Cape 

 Town, to send me any land shells he could. Shortly after a box 

 arrived, containing nothing but H. aspersa^ collected in his garden. 

 I have also had them sent alive from Australia. 



Many species, especially V. pulchella, are found at the foot of old 

 walls, but for many of the smaller species it is a very good plan to 

 have a calico bag, and fill it with moss and dead leaves. These, if 

 collected in woods, especially under beech trees, generally yield a 

 good result. They soon dry after being spread out and turned over 

 occasionally. By this method I have taken many species of Vifrea, 

 also E. fi/lviis, V. pelhicida, A. aaeleata. A. /cu/iellata, P. pygmmnn, 

 and various species of Pupa and Veriigo. CarycJiimn miniimivi is the 

 commonest species, often in very large quantities. 



When making a collection of shells, it is very important to extract 

 the whole of the animal, as if this is not done the specimens do not 

 look so well in the cal)inet, and, also, they are not so easily examined 

 for their critical differences. This is not always possible, especially 

 in the smaller species, but with care all the Vitreas can be completely 

 cleaned out, and some of our members are able to do this, even in 

 the case of V. crysfa/Ii/ia, V. radiatnla, and E. fulvits. It is very 

 important to keep the water boiling, but not fiercely, and for the 

 smaller species only to immerse them for a few seconds. Mr. A. G. 

 Stubbs published " Hints on Cleaning," in 1900, and this has been 



