304 JOURNAL OF CONCHOI.OGY, VOI- 16, NO. 9, JUNE, ' I922. 



to see a close resemblance between canescens (as thus understood) 

 and straminicolHs, a much larger shell (19 mm. long), with strong 

 lamellae and plicae; if this objection is pressed, probably canescens 

 Charp. will have to lapse from inability to be recognised. 



Alopia deaniana n. sp. 



Adolph Schmidt, Ueber die Baleen und baleaartigen Clausilien 

 Siebenbiirgens (Halle, Zeitschr. Gesamm. Naturw. viii, p. 407-413, 

 1856) named, without description, a var. maxima of Claitsilia livida 

 Menke. 



In his "System der Europaischen Clausilien," 1868, he gave its 

 dimensions, although a livida of the size named (23 mm. long) has 

 never to my knowledge been found. 



Rossmassler's Iconogr,, iii, pp. 119-121, pi. 86, f. 952, 1859, 

 discussed the position of livida var. maxima without further result. 



M. von Kimakovicz, Verb. Siebenb. Ver. xxxiv, p. 60, 1883, 

 "Beitrag," while admitting that the habitat of this form was still "in 

 finsterer Nacht begraben," says that he has it in his collection labelled 

 " Aus dem Kolzu galbinaru [the northern height of the Magura 

 ridgej, bei Tontjes, nahe am Konigstein," which he submits is 

 impossible, but prophecies that he will find it on the Bucsecs in an 

 excursion he is going to make. He observes that the form maxima 

 had no clausilium, and possessed only rudimentary plicae and lamellae. 



Clessin (MoUuskenfauna Oesterreich-Ungarns, p. 798, 1887) gives 

 the habitat as " Kronstadt, am Felsengebirge Mogura (1376 m.) 

 zwischen Bucsecs und Konigstein." This is no doubt the true locality, 

 for which we are indebted to Herr F. Deubel, of Kronstadt. 

 " Magura" or "Mogura" is a common mountain name in Transylvania, 

 and M. mare (big) and M. mica (little) often occur close together. 



The Torzburg Mogura runs like a sharp razor edge for about 6-8 km. 

 between Torzburg and Zernest. At Torzburg, at its eastern end, we 

 find plumbea Rossm., the Schuler Alopia; at its western end, we have 

 the Alopias, which live on or below the Konigstein, ///.y.f/a//« Bielz and 

 lischkeafia Charp. Livida, a non-clausiate form, does not occur till 

 the middle slopes of the Bucsecs, some 14 km. away. Why this non- 

 clausiate form should occur on the Torzburg Mogura, in the immediate 

 proximity of the clausiate forms on both sides, is a curious point, and 

 is scarcely dealt with by the well known theories of von Vest.^ 



I The true inter-rolationship of these puz/ling species of Alopia can nev&r be umierstood 

 apart from the question of their habitat. Everything depends on precision in noting correct 

 localities. The earlier writers on ihe group were scarcely cognizant of this. Vaiialion is 

 almost endless, and forms of the same species from the top and the bottom of a mountain 

 will differ so widely as to deceive the very elect. 



