38 CYCLOCARPINE! [PYRENOPSIS 
18. PYRENOPSIS Nyl. in Mém. Soe. Sci. Nat. Cherb. v. 
p. 88 (1857) & Syn. Lich. p. 97 (1858). (PI. 18.) 
Thallus crustaceous, granular, rarely subsquamulose, or sub- 
fruticulose. Apothecia somewhat innate and partly closed, small 
or minute; paraphyses simple, slender ; spores 8 in the ascus, 
simple, rarely numerous. Spermogones with oblong minute 
acrogenous spermatia. 
The species are all darker than those of Huopsis, but they also 
show the red colouration in a thin section. 
1. P. hematopis Th. Fl. Lich. Arct. p. 284 (1860).—Thallus 
effuse, crustaceous, the granules rounded, unequally aggregate, 
dark- or reddish-brown, similarly coloured within or darker 
towards the base. Apothecia superficial, small with thick 
connivent entire margins ; spores 8 in the ascus, 10-12 » long, 
5-6 pw thick; hymenium, especially the asci, bluish with 
iodine.—Carroll in Journ. Bot. iv. p. 22 (1866); Cromb. Lich. 
Brit. p. 2; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 14; ed. 3, p. 14. Collema 
hemaleum var. hematopis Sommerf. Suppl. Fl. Lapp. p. 117 
(1826). 
The spermogones of this species are somewhat frequent, though 
the apothecia are rarely seen; when sterile, it is distinguishable from 
Huopsis hemalea by the thicker, darker thallus. 
Hab, On shady rocks in alpine places.—Distr. Extremely rare 
among the 8. Grampians, Scotland.— 4. 17. Ben Lawers, Perthshire. 
2. P. homeopsis Nyl. in Flora li. p. 342 (1868).—Thallus 
effuse, granular, rather thick, deeply cracked-areolate, the areole 
granular, plane, dark-reddish-brown. Apothecia minute, the 
margins connivent, pale within, the epithecium narrow, colourless ; 
paraphyses slender ; spores 8 in the ascus, 11-18 p long, 7-10 pv 
thick ; hymenial gelatine red or tawny-wine-coloured with iodine. 
—Cromb. in Journ. Bot. vii. p. 48 (1869) & Lich. Brit. p. 2; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 15; ed. 3, p. 14. 
Closely allied to P. gruwmulifera, a Finland species (Nyl.1.¢.). In 
Nylander’s original diagnosis the thallus is described as thin, but in 
the specimens from Ben Lawers in Herb. Crombie, as also in all the 
other specimens, it is comparatively thick and deeply diffract also. 
Hab. On mica-schist rocks in alpine places.—Distr. Rare on the 
8. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. Summit of Ben Lawers and Craig 
Calliach, Perthshire. 
3. P. fuscatula Nyl. in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. v. p. 143 
(1857).—Thallus effuse, granular, the granules often in small 
scattered aggregations, dark-brown or brownish-black. Apothecia 
small with thick connivent margins; epithecium yellowish ; 
spores 8 in the ascus, small, 8-10 » long, 4—5 w thick ; hymenial 
ge ‘latine bluish then violet with iodine. — Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 16; 
ed. 3, p. 14; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xii. p. 332 (1874). 
