PANNARIA | PANNARIACEX 85 
gones in thalline tubercles, with septate sterigmata and short 
pleurogenous spermatia. 
A widely-spread genus, the species of which are mostly exotic. 
European species are nearly all represented in the British Isles. 
1, P. rubiginosa Del. in Duby Bot. Gall. p. 606 (1830).— 
Thallus orbicular, squamulose, appressed to the substratum, 
dull-glaucous or pale, the squamules lobulate-crenate at the 
circumference, crenate or crenulate in the centre and _ silvery- 
white at the margins; hypothallus spongy-tomentose, bluish- 
black. Apothecia numerous and crowded, moderate in size, red 
or reddish-brown, with a silvery-white crenate margin; spores 
ellipsoid, sometimes with pointed ends, 17-30 » long, 6-11 p 
thick ; hymenial gelatine bluish with iodine.--Mudd Man. p. 122; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 42; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 164; ed. 3, p. 150. 
Lichen rubiginosus Thunb. ex Ach. Lich. Suec. Prodr. p. 99 (1798). 
L. afinis Dicks. Pl. Crypt. fase. iv. p. 24, t. 12, fig. 6 (1801) ; 
Engl. Bot. t. 983. Parmelia rubiginosa Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 212 
(1803); 8S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 440; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 53. 
P. plumbea var. affinis Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 142 
(1836). Squamaria afinis Hook. in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 196 
(1833). 
Exsice. Cromb. n. 53; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 11; Leight. n. 234. 
Well marked by the silvery-white margins of the squamules and 
apothecia. The squamules may be crowded and imbricate at the 
centre, they are radiating at the circumference. 
Hab. On the trunks of old trees, rarely among mosses on walls 
and rocks, in maritime and upland districts.—Dvzstr. General and 
usually plentiful in hilly or mountainous districts—B. M. Guernsey ; 
Bocconoec and near Respring, Cornwall; Cornworthy, Totnes and 
Clovelly, Devon; Appuldurcomb, I. of Wight; Chalton Forest, 
Hants; Eridge Park, Sussex; Hay Coppice, Herefordshire; Aber- 
dovey, Merioneth ; Windermere, Westmoreland ; Keswick and Enner- 
dale, Cumberland; Teesdale and Egglestone Woods, Durham; New 
Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Inverary, Head of Loch Awe, Appin, 
Barcaldine, and near Oban, Argyll; Glen Falloch, Glen Lochay and 
Aberfeldy, Perthshire ; Corriemulzie Falls and near Braemar, 
Aberdeenshire; near Fort William, Invernessshire; Dunkerron and 
old Dromore, Kerry ; Connemara, Galway. 
Var. conoplea Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 105 (1855).— 
Squamules pulverulent, sorediose at the edges, except those of the 
extreme circumference, but towards the centre the soredia often 
covering the whole surface, the powdery granules bluish-grey, 
minutely coralline. Apothecia small, appressed, rather rare, the 
thalline margin pulverulent ; spores usually rather smaller than 
in the species.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 42; var. cxruleo-badia 
Mudd Man. p. 122 (1861); Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 164; ed. 3, 
p- 151. Lichen cxruleo-badius Schleich. Cent ii. n. 71 in Schrad. 
Neu. Journ. Bot. p. 197 (1806) nomen nudum. Parmelia 
