104 CYCLOCARPINES [SOLORINA 
Easicc. Croall n. 489; Cromb. n. 46; Dicks. Dried Plants 
n. 50. 
Easily distinguished by the hyphe of the medulla which are 
encrusted with saffron-coloured crystals (K + violet). 
There are two types of alge which function as gonidia: an upper 
bright-green layer of Dactylococcus cells which rises into the cortex 
in tooth-like projections or pyramids, beneath this a narrow band of 
loose hyphe, and lower still an interrupted stratum of Nostoe cells. 
Hue (Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. xxxviii. p. 10 (1911)) states that 
the first gonidial association is with the Dactylococcus, that alga 
alone being present at the extremity of the young lobes. The Nostoc 
layer is subdiscontinuous, and is rarely present below the apothecium. 
It replaces in S. crocea the endogenous scattered cephalodia of the 
other species. 
Hab. On the ground and in fissures of rocks and boulders in 
alpine places.—Distr. Rather local and scarce on the tops of Irish 
and Scottish mountains; plentiful on Ben Lawers.—B. M. Ben 
Lomond, Stirlingshire; Ben Chalum, Ben More, Benteskerney and 
Ben Lawers, Perthshire; Clova Mts., Forfarshire ; Lochnagar, 
Morrone, Ben-naboord and Ben Macdhui, Aberdeenshire ; Ben Nevis, 
Invernessshire ; Brandon Mts., Kerry. 
2. §. saccata Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 149 (1810).—Thallus wide- 
spreading, orbicular, submembranaceous, rather smooth, occasion- 
ally white-pruinose, the lobes rounded or slightly crenate, lobate, 
bright-green when moist, reddish-brown when dry, beneath 
whitish, tomentose, with scattered long rhizine. Apothecia 
roundish, dark-brown, scattered, deeply sunk as if urceolate 
in the thallus; paraphyses stoutish, septate ; spores 4 in the 
ascus, ellipsoid or oblong, reddish-brown, l-septate, 32-50 pw long, 
18-27 » thick.—S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 429; Hook. FI. 
Scot. ii. p. 36 & in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 214; Tayl. in Mackay FI. 
Hib. ii. p. 153 ; Mudd Man. p. 85, t. 1, fig..24; Cromb. Lich. 
Brit. p. 29; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 112; ed. 3, p.106. Lichenoides 
lichenis facie, peltis acetabulis immersis Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 221, 
t. 30, fig. 121 (1741). Lichen saccatus L. Fl. Suec. p. 419, n. 1102 
(1755) ; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 855; Huds. Fl. Angl. ii. p. 548 ; 
Engl. Bot. t. 288; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 67. 
Exsicc. Bohl. n. 4; Croall n. 391; Cromb. n. 47; Johns. 
n. 225; Leight. n. 111; Mudd n. 63. 
Easily known by the sunk apothecia with the rather wide-spread- 
ing thallus. Cephalodia containing Nostoe cells are enclosed in the 
lower medulla, sometimes causing a slight protuberance on the under 
surface. 
Hab. On the ground on decayed mosses, in crevices of rocks, rarely 
on the mortar of old walls in moist shady places in upland and 
subalpine districts.— Distr. General but not common in W. and N. 
England, in N. Wales and N. Scotland, rare in S.W. and N. 
Ireland.—B. M. Cheddar Cliffs, Somersetshire; Apes Tor, Stafford- 
shire; Whiteliff Rocks near Ludlow, Shropshire; Cwm Byehan, 
Merioneth ; Garn, Derbyshire; Island of Anglesea; near Buxton, 
Derbyshire ; Ingleborough, Whernside and Bolton Woods, Yorkshire ; 
