116 CYCLOCARPINEZ [LOBARIA 
Exsicc. Carrol] Lich. Hib. n. 1; Croall n. 486; Cromb. nos. 
37, 137 (as var. pleurocarpa); Johns. n. 224; Leight. n. 74; 
Mudd n. 64. 
The thallus is attached to the substratum more or less centrally 
and spreads free on all sides, sometimes attaining very large dimensions 
when the laciniate character is less evident. Soredia are frequent on 
the margins and ridges though the surface may be wholly or partly 
naked and shining. Isidia are not uncommon mixed with the soredia. 
The apothecia are occasionally blackened and rendered abortive 
by the parasitic fungus Celidiwm Stictarwm (var. plewrocarpa). 
Cephalodia—or cephaloid tubercles—have been described as sometimes 
occurring on both surfaces, and as being simple or aggregate, reddish 
or dark-coloured (f. aggregata Cromb. in Greyillea xy. p. 76 & Monogr. 
i. p. 273). The single British specimen from Inverary determined as 
f. aggregata by Crombie bears somewhat deformed apotheca only. 
Immersed cephalodia have been found by Hue in var. tenwior from 
Japan. 
Hab. On the trunks of trees, especially old oaks, rarely on mossy 
rocks in inland and maritime districts.—Distr. General and not 
uncommon throughout the British Isles.—B. M. Guernsey; Bryer 
Island, Scilly; Boconnoc, St. Minver and near Penzance, Cornwall ; 
Lidford, Totnes, Newton Bushell, Okehampton and Buckfastleigh, 
Devon; New Forest, Hants; Ryde and Appuldurcomb, I. of Wight; 
near Balcombe, Eastham and Ardingly, Sussex; near Lydd, Kent; 
near Loughton, Essex ; Chedworth Woods near Cirencester, Glouces- 
tershire; Bagley Wood, near Oxford; Charnwood Forest, Leicester- 
shire ; near Ludlow, Shropshire; Hafod, Cardiganshire; Cader Idris, 
Cwm Bychan, Rhewgreidden, Aberdovey, Barmouth and Dolgelly, 
Merioneth; Bettws-y-Coed, Bangor, Conway and Devil’s Bridge, 
Carnarvonshire; Anglesea; Kildale, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Eggle- 
stone, Durham; Cheviots, Northumberland; Windermere and near 
Grasmere, Westmoreland; Patterdale and Calder Abbey, Cumberland ; 
New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; Ayrshire; near Moffat, Dum- 
friesshire; Turfin Hill, near Edinburgh; Inverary, Head of Loch 
Awe, Barcaldine and Appin, Argyll; The Trossachs, Loch Katrine, 
Killin and Pass of Leny, Perthshire; Den of Airlie, Reeky Linn, 
Lundie Craigs and Glen Dole, Forfarshire; Dunottar Castle, Kincar- 
dineshire; Craig Cluny and Corriemulzie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; 
near Fort William, Invernessshire ; Cawdor Wood, Nairnshire; Apple- 
cross, Rossshire; Dinish, Ronayne’s Islands and Cromaglown, Killar- 
ney, Kerry ; Lough Inagh, Galway. 
Form hypomela Cromb. in Grevillea xv. p. 76 (1887),— 
Thallus with a brownish-black tomentum on the under surface 
between the bullate swellings ; upper surface frequently isidioid. 
—Sticta pulmonacea var. hypomela Del, Stict. p. 144, t. 17, fig. 
64 (1825). 
Easiec. Cromb. n. 136. 
Hab. Similar to the species.—Disty. Seen in a characteristic state 
only from S. W. England, N. Wales and the S. and W. Grampians, 
Scotland.—B. M. Bryer Island, Scilly; Bettws-y-Coed, Carnarvon- 
shire; Inverary and Barcaldine, Argyll; Glen Lochay, Perthshire ; 
Loch Linnhe, Invernessshire. 
