CANDELARIA | PARMELIACEE lye 
Orper X. PARMELIACEA. 
Thallus foliose, horizontal, decumbent, sometimes partly 
ascending or fruticose, corticate on one or both surfaces, beneath 
with rhizine or naked. Algal cells Pleurococeus. Apothecia 
sessile or shortly stalked, with a thalline margin; asci 2-8- 
spored or rarely many-spored ; spores colourless, simple. Sper- 
mogones with pleurogenous or more rarely acrogenous spermatia. 
The following genera are British :— 
Thallus rhizinose, squamulose or foliose. Apothecia 
superficial. 
Thallus squamulose; asci many-spored............ 37. Candelaria. 
Thallus foliose; asci 2-8-spored....................5 38. Parmelia. 
Thallus scarcely rhizinose, foliose or fruticose. 
Euponvecia, Marpinal.,.......c0..<.s+.d2sseesesencesee- 39. Cetraria. 
37. CANDELARIA Massal. Mem. Lich. p. 46 (1853). 
Lecanora subg. Candelaria Nyl. in Flora lxiv. p. 454 (1881); 
Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 366 pro parte. (Pl. 37.) 
Thallus minutely foliose or squamulose, corticate on both 
surfaces, yellow above, beneath almost colourless, rhizinose. 
Apothecia sessile, scattered, discoid, with a thalline margin ; 
paraphyses discrete, simple or rarely branched, septate and 
clavate upwards; asci many-spored; spores simple, colourless, 
sometimes bi-guttulate and pseudo-septate. Spermogones in 
small tubercles, with acrogenous ellipsoid spermatia. 
Differs from Parmelia in the squamulose thallus and the many- 
spored ascus. The yellow colour of the thallus is due to stictaurin, 
which gives no reaction with potash. 
1. C. concolor Wain. Lich. Brés. i. p. 70 (1890).—Thallus 
suborbicular or spreading, the lobes small, laciniate-crenate, 
subimbricate or crowding over each other, the margins crisp, 
isidiose, granular or sorediose, bright-greenish-yellow (K-— ). 
Apothecia small, sessile, dull-brownish-yellow, the thalline 
margin entire or granulate; spores numerous, ellipsoid, simple, 
often bi-guttulate, 6-14 pw long, 4-6 pw thick.—Lichen candelarius 
L. Sp. Pl. p. 1141 (1753) nomen vagum; Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 444? 
Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 810 pro minore parte ; Engl. Bot. t. 1794 
(1807). L. concolor Dicks. Pl. Crypt. fase. iii. p. 18, t. ix. 
fig. 8 (1793). Lecanora candelaria Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 416 
(1810) pro parte; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 51 pro parte; Tayl. in 
Mackay Fl. Hib. i. p. 139; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 48; Leight. 
Lich. Fl. p. 182 (incl. var. granulosa) ; ed. 3, p. 167 (incl. var. 
granulosa). Parmelia parietina var. laciniosa Dut. ex Fr. Lich. 
Eur. p. 73 (1831). Physcia parietina vars. laciniosa & concolor 
Mudd Man. pp. 113 & 114 (1861). P. candelaria Ny]. in Mém. 
Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. p. 106 (1857); Mudd Man. p. 114. 
