122 CYCLOCARPINEX [PARMELIA : 
or incurved at the tips, dark-olivaceous or blackish, beneath 
very black (K +¥eewish, CaCl—). Apothecia moderate in size 
or small, 2-4 mm. across, becoming slightly convex, blackish, 
with a thin entire margin; spores subglobose or ellipsoid, 
7-12 p x 5-9 p.—Cromb. in Journ. Bot. x. p. 357 (1872) ; Leight. 
Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 118, P. encausta var. stygioides Linds. in 
Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. p. 224 (1859); Mudd Man. p. 97. 
P. Mougeotii £. discreta Ny]. Syn. Lich. i. p. 392 (1861). P. stygia 
f. minor Nyl. ex Carroll in Journ. Bot. iii. p. 288 (1865) ; Cromb. 
Lich. Brit. p. 35. P. discreta Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 36 (1870). 
P. physodes var. discreta Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 127 (1871). Lichen 
encaustus Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 2049°(1809) (non Ach.). 
Exsicc. Cromb. n. 32 ; Dicks. Hort. Sicc. fase. ii. n. 25. 
Differs from the preceding in the more compact wrinkled growth 
of the thallus, which is generally darker in colour and more shining. 
Apothecia are frequent. The spermogones are minute and black, with 
spermatia 7 » long, 1 p» thick. 
Hab. On granitic and quartzose boulders in alpine places.— Distr. 
Local and scarce on the Grampians, Scotland; rare in N. W. Ireland. 
B. M. Ben More and Cairn Gowar, Perthshire; Clova Mts. Forfar- 
shire; Cairn Drochit, Morrone and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeen- 
shire ; Ben Nevis, Invernessshire; Mayo. 
Subgenus ii. Menecazzia A. Zahlbr..in Engler & Prantl 
Nat. Pflanzenf. i. 1*, p. 212 (1907). — Thallus without rhizine, 
attached by haustoria or mucilage ; lobes perforate above. Spores 
large. 
5. P. pertusa Scher. Lich. Helv. Spicil. p. 457 (1840).— 
Thallus orbicular, spreading, appressed, glabrous and shining, 
dotted with round holes, frequently sorediate, whitish or 
brownish, the lobes narrow, with palmate sinuate branching, some- 
what convex, wider, crenate and brown at the tips, beneath black, 
naked, wrinkled (K + yellow, CaCl—). Apothecia moderate 
in size up to 4 mm. across, or smaller, reddish-brown, the margin 
entire or crenulate, prominent ; “spores 2—4 in the ascus, very 
large, 45-60 p long, 22-28 w thick.’—Cromb, Lich. Brit. p. 36 ; 
Leight. Fl. p. 129; ed. 3, p. 120. P. diatrypa Ach. Meth. Lich. 
p. 251 (1803) ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 56 & in Sm. Engl. Fi. v. 
p. 204; Tayl. in Mackay’s Fl. Hib. ii. p. 150. P. terebrata Mudd 
Man. p. 97 (1861). Lichen pertusus Schrank Baier. Fl. i. 
p. 519, n. 1513 (1789). L. diatrypus Ach. Lich. Suec. Prodr. 
p- 116 (1798); Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1248. Lobaria terebrata 
Hoffm. Deutsch]. Fl. ii. p. 151 (1795). Physcia diatrypa 8. F. 
Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 436 (1821). 
Exsice. Cromb. n. 145; Larb. Cesar. n. 66 ; Leight. n. 264. 
A lichen with a very neat regular appearance. Soredia borne at 
the apex of small upright branchlets are not uncommon. The upper 
cortex only is perforated; the lower cortex has mostly split from 
the upper so that the lobes are hollow, the hyphe belonging to the 
