SS ae) 
, ju 
136 CYCLOCARPINEE [PARMELIA 
22. P. hyperopta Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 208 (1814); (in Hb. 
Ach. fide Wainio in Termesz. Fiiz. xxii. p. 280 (1899)).—Thallus ~ 
orbicular, closely appressed, greyish-white, with whitish pulveru- 
lent soredia, the lobes narrow, spreading, not much branched : 
beneath brownish-black, with scanty rhizine to the edge 
(K+ selov, CaCl-). Apothecia very long, small or nearly moderate 
in size, brownish or reddish-brown, concave or becoming plane, 
the margin thin, slightly crenulate ; spores oblong or fusiform- 
oblong, usually somewhat curved, 11-12 p long, 3-4 p thick.— 
Mudd Man. p. 98; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 2, p. 478; ed. 3, p. 119. 
P. ambigua Borr. in Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2796 (1835) (two upper 
figs.). Parmeliopsis aleurites Nyl. in Flora lii. p. 445 (1869) 
(non Ach.) ; Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 263. 
Distinguished from the preceding by the white soredia, and by the 
reaction with potash. There is considerable confusion in nomen- 
clature between this species and Cetraria (aleurites) diffusa. The 
latter is isidiose, brown beneath, while P. hyperopta is sorediose and 
black beneath. 
Hab. On the trunks of old firs near the roots, and on fir palings 
in mountainous districts.— Distr. Rare in the N. Grampians, Scotland. 
—B.M. Glen Dee, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Larig Guie, Banffshire ; 
Aviemore, Invernessshire. 
Soredia on tips or margins of lobes. 
23. P. cetrata Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 198 (1814) ; Wain. Lich. 
Brés. i. p. 40 (1890).—Thallus suborbicular, lobate, smooth, 
minutely reticulate-rimulose, glaucous or whitish, the lobes 
irregular, rather deeply crenulate and ascending at the cireum- 
ference, more deeply divided towards the centre, occasionally 
black ciliate, frequently sorediate on the tips or the margins, 
more rarely on the surface; beneath blackish towards the 
centre, dark-brown at the edges; rhizine over the entire lower 
surface or reduced to papille towards the edge (K¥ ¥eie\" then rea, 
CaCl—). Apothecia very rare, typically pedicellate, brown, the 
margin entire, generally perforate at the centre when mature ; 
spores 14-15 p long, 7-8 p thick. P. perforata 8. F. Gray Nat. 
Arr. i. p. 437 (1821)? Nyl. Syn. Lich. i. p. 377 (1860) pro parte 
(non Ach.) (incl. var. cetrata), p. 378 ; Hook. in Sm. Engl. FI. v. 
p. 200 pro parte ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 32; Leight. Lich. FI. 
p. 134; ed. 3, p. 123. P. reticulata Tayl. in Mackay FI. Hib. ii. 
p- 148 (1836). P. perlata var. ciliata Mudd Man. p. 92 (1861). 
Lichenoides glaucum, foliorum laciniis crinitis Dill. Hist. Muse. 
t. 20, fig. 42 a (1741). Lichen perforatus Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 2423 
(mid. fig.) (1812) (non Jacq.). 
Exsicc. Cromb. n. 29; Larb. Lich. Hib. n. 250. 
Distinguished by the faint mosaic of minute cracks on the upper 
surface, and by the presence of rhizine or papille right up tothe edge. 
It has been confused with P. perforata, also an Acharian species, but 
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