156 CYCLOCARPINEX [CETRARIA 
—Mudd Man. p. 78. Lichenoides lacunosum candidum, etc. ; var. 
8B cum marginibus ceeuntibus ut velut tubulosa, etc. Dill. Hist. Muse. 
p- 162, t. 21, fig. 56 B (1741). Lichen cucullatus Bellardi Oss. 
Bot. p. 54 (1788); Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soe. i. p. 84, t. 4, fig. 7 
(1791). Platisma cucullatum Hoftm. Pl. Lich. iii. p. 17, t. 66, 
fig. 2 (1801). Platysma cucullatum Nyl. in Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. 
sér. 3, 1. p. 295 (1857) ; Cromb. in Journ. Bot. viii. p. 96 (1870) ; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 99; ed. 3, p. 94. 
Exsicc. Cromb. n. 132. 
Somewhat resembling C. nivalis in the colour of the thallus, but 
differing in the narrower (up to about *5 cm. wide) connivent fronds 
and in the position of the apothecia. In Great Britain it is sterile 
and occurs only in small scattered tufts. 
Hab. On the ground among mosses, etc., in alpine places.—Distr. 
Recorded only from the summits of the higher Scottish Grampians.— 
B. M. Cairntoul and Cairngorm, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
12. C. nivalis Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 294 (1803).—Thallus 
pale-straw-coloured or yellowish-white, ascending, branched, 
sinuate-laciniate, the lacinie wide and foliaceous or narrow, with 
the margins somewhat connivent, irregularly reticulate-lacunose, 
the margins crisp, crenate and dentate at the apices. Apo- 
thecia adnate towards the tips of the laciniz, becoming rather 
large (about 1 cm. across), somewhat brownish-flesh-coloured, 
with a crenulate margin ; spores small, 7—9 » long, 4—5 » thick.— 
S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 433; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 57 & in 
Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 221; Mudd Man. p.78. Lichenoides lacunosum 
candidum glabrum, Endivie crispe facie Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 162, 
t. 21, fig. 56 a (1741). Lichen nivalis L. Sp. Pl. p. 1145 (1753) ; 
Dicks. Pl. Crypt. fasc. iii. p. 17; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 60; 
Engl. Bot. t. 1994. Platysma nivale Nyl. im Act. Soc. Linn. 
Bord. sér. 3, i. p. 295 (1857); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 26 & 
Monogr. i. p. 220; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 99; ed. 3, p. 93. 
Eaxsicc. Croall n. 394 ; Cromb. n. 24; Leight. n. 43; Mudd 
n. 53. 
This beautiful species, characteristic of alpine and Arctic regions, 
often forms widely spreading dense tufts. British plants are mostly 
sterile, though spermogones are occasionally present; they occur as 
black marginal papille with simple or septate sterigmata and sper- 
matia 6-7 » long, 1 » thick. 
Hab. On the ground among mosses and bare detritus in moun- 
tainous places. — Distr. Plentiful among the Scottish Grampians, 
especially in Braemar.—B. M. Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; Basssies and 
Clova Mts., Forfarshire ; Lochnagar, Ben-naboord, Ben Macdhui, 
Cairngorm, Cairntoul, and Sources of the Dee, Braemar, Aberdeen- 
shire ; Ben Nevis, Invernessshire. 
Thallus pale te dark-brown ; pseudocyphelle present. 
13. C. islandica Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 293 (1803).—Thallus 
ascending, branched, strap-shaped and narrow or subfoliaceous, 
