158 CYCLOCARPINE® [CETRARIA 
islandica var. crispa Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 513 (1810); Cromb. 
Lich. Brit. p. 26: form subtubulosa Fr. Lich. Eur. p. 37 (1831) : 
form crispa Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 97 (1871); ed. 3, p. 92; subsp. 
crispa Cromb. in Grevillea xii. p. 73 (1884). C. erispa Lamy 
in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xxv. p. 362 (1878); Cromb. Monogr. i. 
p. 216 (incl. f. subtubulosa). Lichenoides Eryngii folia referens, 
tenuioribus et erispioribus foliis Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 212, t. 28, 
fig. 112 (1741). Lichen islandicus var. tenuifolius Retz. Fl. 
Scand. Prodr. p. 227 (1779) ; var. 8. Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 830 
(1777); Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2, p. 539 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 54. 
Cornicularia islandica var. crispa Mudd Man. p. 77 (1861). 
Ezxsicc. Croall n. 493; Leight. n. 42 (in some specimens) ; 
Mudd n. 52. 
Distinguished from the species by the narrower, generally connivent 
fronds. The form of the branching fronds gives it a somewhat crisp 
curled appearance. 
Hab. On the ground among mosses mostly in mountainous dis- 
tricts.— Distr. Rare in N. Wales, N. England, and in 8.W. and N. 
Ireland, more plentiful among the Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. Snow- 
don and Carnedd Llewellyn, Carnarvonshire; Mael Graedha, Ben 
Lawers and Rannoch, Perthshire; Katelaw and Clova, Forfarshire ; 
Lochnagar, Morrone, Ben-naboord and Cairntoul, Braemar, Aberdeen- 
shire; Ben Nevis, Invernessshire ; Mangerton, Kerry ; Slieve Donard. 
Down. 
14. C. hiascens Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. p. $8 (1871).—Thallus 
of erect densely crowded narrow fronds, plane or partly con- 
nivent, repeatedly branched towards the apex, sparingly spinulose 
at the margins, pale- or dark-brown, often yellowish-brown at 
the base, the lower side frequently dotted with impressed 
decorticated white spots (pseudo-cyphell). .Apothecia adnate 
to the upper surface of the fronds, elevated, moderate in size, 
the disc subconcolorous, the margins sometimes denticulate ; 
spores 7—-ll » long, 4-6 thick.—C. aculeata var. hiascens Fr. 
Lich. Eur. p. 36 (1831). ©. islandica var. Delisei Bory ex 
Scher. Enum. p. 16 (1850). C. Delisei Th. Fr. in K. Svensk. 
Vet.-Akad. Handl. vii. n. 2, p. 11 (1867); Cromb. Lich. Brit. 
p. 26; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 97; ed. 3, p. 92. 
The British species are sterile. Th. Fries and Crombie give 
chemical reactions as K —, medulla Ca Clf+; Wainio, however, 
could get no reaction with any of his specimens (Ark. Bot. viii. n. 4, 
p. 22). 
Hab. Among mosses on the ground in alpine places.—Distr. 
Extremely rare on the summits of the loftier Grampians, Scotland.— 
B. M. Lochnagar and Ben Macdhui, Aberdeenshire. 
Thallus dark-chestnut-brown, without pseudo-cyphelle. 
15. C. aculeata Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. p. 239 (1825).—Thallus 
rigid, of narrow shining shrubby rounded or slightly compressed 
