EVERNIA | USNEACE 163 
sulphur-coloured, mostly similarly coloured on both surfaces, the 
fronds rather narrow, attenuate upwards, frequently dotted with 
dark-coloured tubercles. Apothecia very rare.—Mudd Man. 
p. 72; Leight. Lich. F]. p. 91; ed. 3, p. 83 (incl. var. gracilis). 
Var. gracilis Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 442 (1810)? Cromb. in Journ. 
Bot. x. p. 233 (1872) ; form stictocera Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 25 
(1870). Lichenoides corniculatum candidum molle, segmentis 
angustis Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 159, t. 21, fig. 54 (1741). Lichen 
prunastri 8 Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2, p. 541 (1778); Witb. Arr. 
ed. 3, iv. p. 53 pro parte. Lichen stictoceros Sm. Engl. Bot. 
t. 1853 (1804). 
Exsicc. Larb. Cesar. n. 59. 
Distinguished by being generally concolorous on both surfaces. It 
approaches the genus Letharia, but there are no chondroid strands. 
in the pith and the alge of the lower surface are very scanty. The 
structure otherwise is similar to that of the species. The dark- 
coloured tubercles are of hyphal nature; they arise at points where 
the lichen fronds are attached to other branches. 
Hab. On bare sandy soil, and on heather in maritime regions, 
rarely on the trunks of old firs in mountainous districts.—B. M. 
Quenvais, Jersey; Dawlish and Exmouth Downs, Devon; Lydd 
Beach, Kent; Stronachlachan Woods, Killin, Perthshire; Deerhill 
Wood, Forfarshire ; Findhorn, Elginshire. 
2. E. furfuracea Mann Lich. Bohem. p. 105 (1825).—Thallus 
ascending, pendulous or decumbent, of long narrow fronds 
repeatedly dichotomously branched, incurved at the margins, 
attenuate upwards, greyish or greyish-green at becoming dark- 
grey ; beneath black, naked, attached by a rhizinose basal sheath 
(K fsellowish, CaCl-). Apothecia moderate in size or large, 
subpedicellate, brownish-red, the margin thin, inflexed ; spores 
7-10 pw long, 4-5 p thick—Mudd Man. p. 71; Cromb. Lich. 
Brit. p. 24; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 90; ed. 3, p. 82; form nuda 
Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 231 (1894). Lichenoides cornutum amarum 
superne cinereum, inferne nigrum Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 157, t. 21, 
fig. 52 (1741). Lichen furfuraceus L. Sp. Pl. p. 1146 (1753) ; 
Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 450; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 832 ; With. Arr. 
ed. 3, iv. p. 56. Parmelia furfuracea Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 254 ; 
Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 144. Borrera furfuracea Ach. 
Lich. Univ. p. 500 (1810) (incl. var. nuda); S. F. Gray Nat. 
Arr. i. p. 435; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 56 & in Sm. Engl. FI. v. 
p. 223. 
Ezxsice. Croall n. 494; Johns. n. 302; Leight. n. 37; Mudd 
n. 60. 
Differs from the preceding in the black under surface. It has 
been sometimes classified as a Parmelia, but though the structure is 
mainly dorsiventral, it is frequently radiate for some distance (about 
‘5 em.) below the tips. The fronds are frequently attached to each 
other by haptera, and to the support by a secondary stolon-like 
sheath which forms a new base for further fronds. 
M 2 
