168 CYCLOCARPINEE [RAMALINA 
upwards, wrinkled and nerved. Apothecia marginal and sub- 
terminal.—Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xx. p. 272 (1882). 
Ezxsicc. Johns. n. 185. 
Distinguished by the persistently narrow fronds somewhat similar 
to those of R. calicaris, from which it differs in the curved spores. 
Hab. On the branches of trees in upland situations.—Dzistr. 
Rather rare in 8.W., W. and N.E. England and N. Wales.—B. M. 
Dartmoor, Devon; Pickeridge, near Taunton, Somerset; near Bar- 
mouth, Merioneth; near Kendal, Westmoreland ; Lamplugh, Cumber- 
land; Teesdale, Durham. 
3. R. fastigiata Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 603 (1810) pro parte.— 
Thallus erect, rather rigid, of short crowded subequal fastigiate 
fronds, generally compressed, sometimes hollow, smooth or longi- 
tudinally wrinkled and nerved, greyish-green (medulla, K —). 
Apothecia numerous, terminal, on a broad base, plane or becoming 
convex, generally small or moderate in size (5 mm. and under), 
wrinkled beneath, the disc pale greyish-green; spores oblong, 
ellipsoid, curved, 9-17 mw long, 5-7 p thick.—S. F. Gray Nat. 
Arr. i. p. 406; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 68 & in Sm. Engl. FI. v. 
p. 225; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 85; Leight. Lich. FI. 
ed. 2, p. 473; ed. 3, p. 86. R. calicaris var. fastigiata Fr. Lich. 
Eur. p. 30 (1831); Mudd Man. p. 73; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 25 ; 
form fastigiata Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 94 (1871). Lichenoides cor- 
nutum bronchiale molle, subtus incanum Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 160, 
t. 21, fig. 55 B (1741) & Lichenoides coralliforme, rostratum et 
canaliculatum, p. 170, t. 23, fig. 62 c. Lichen populinus Ehrh. 
Exs. n. 276 (1793), ined. LL. fastigiatus Pers. in Ust. Ann. Bot. 
xii. p. 256 (1794); Engl. Bot. t. 890 (lower fig.). L. calicaris 
Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 451 pro parte; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 834 
pro parte. 
Exsicc. Croall n. 496; Bohl. n. 22; Larb. Lich. Cesar. n. 60 ; 
Lich. Hb. n. 287 & Lich. Cantab. n. 6; Leight. n. 39; Mudd 
n. 43. 
Distinguished by the compact growth of the generally short 
lacinie, which tend to widen at the tips into the base of the 
apothecia. Spermogones are rare, with minute spermatia about 
3°5 » long and 1 p thick. 
Hab. On trees in wooded districts.—Dist. General and common 
in Great Britain, rare in the fir woods of the Highlands, in Ireland 
and the Channel Islands.—B. M. Jersey; Guernsey ; near Penzance 
and Withiel, Cornwall; near Torquay, Devon; New Forest, Hants ; 
near Ryde, I. of Wight; Beeding Priory, Lewes, Hurstpierpoint and 
Shoreham, Sussex; Chiselhurst and Penshurst, Kent; near Croydon 
and Reigate Hill, Surrey; Hainault Forest, Epping Forest and 
Copthall Green, Essex; Cirencester, Gloucestershire; Malvern and 
Broadwas, Worcestershire; Causeway, Warwickshire; Aberdovey, 
Merioneth; Anglesea; Broome, near Oswestry and Shrewsbury, 
Shropshire ; near Over, Cheshire ; Eversden Wood, Cambridgeshire ; 
Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire ; Cleveland, Yorkshire; Teesdale, 
Durham; near Kendal, Westmoreland; Lamplugh, Cumberland ; 
