RAMALINA | USNEACE 173 
more or less compressed, smoothish or longitudinally furrowed 
and lacunose, generally rather narrow, branched and attenuate 
(medulla K + yellowish, then rusty-red, reaction often uncertain). 
Apothecia subpedicellate, marginal and subterminal, moderate 
in size, becoming convex, pale-reddish or glaucous ; spores oblong- 
ellipsoid, straight or slightly curved, 12-19 » long, 4—6 » thick.— 
R. scopulorum Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 604 (1810) (incl. vars. 
cuspidata & cornuta); S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 406 (incl. var. 
cornuta, p. 407) ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 68 & in Sm. Engl. FI. v. 
p. 225; Tayl. in Mackay FI. Hib. ii. p. 85; Mudd Man. p. 74 ; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 25 & Monogr. i. p. 196 (incl. var. incrassata) ; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 91; ed. 2, p. 476; ed. 3, p. 88 (incl. var. 
incrassata). Ft. cuspidata Nyl. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. sér. 2, 
iv. p. 158 (1870) (incl. var. crassa, p. 159; Cromb. in Journ. 
Bot. x. p. 74 (1872); op. cit. xii. p. 147 (1874) (incl. var. 
crassa) & Monogr. i. p. 197 (incl. var. crassa) ; Leight. Lich. FI. 
ed. 2, p. 477; ed. 3, p. 89 (incl. var. crassa, p.90). Coralloides 
fasciculare verrucosum et veluti siliquoswm Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 119, 
t. 17, fig. 88 (1741). Lichen siliquosus Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 460 
(1758) ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 40. L. scopulorum Retz. Obs. 
Bot. iv. p. 30 (1786); Dicks. Pl. Crypt. iii. p. 18 ; With. tom. 
cit. p. 57; Engl. Bot. t. 688. 
Exsice. Bohl. n. 112 ; Johns. nos. 59, 218; Larb. Lich. Hb. 
nos. 247, 324; Leight. n. 2. 
The two species Rf. scopulorum and &. cuspidata, which are here 
united under #. siliquosa (a name of older date), were differentiated 
by Nylander (I. c.) solely on account of the chemical reaction. 
Continued experience proves the extreme uncertainty of the test, as 
it seems to be associated with a varied exposure to sea water (M. C. 
Knowles in Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soe. xiv. (N.S.), no. 6 (1913), 
pp. 87 and 88). With these should also be included R. armorica 
(Nyl. in Flora lx. p. 562 (1877)) with the medulla K + yellow, 
recorded as a variety by M. C. Knowles (tom. cit. p. 123). <A 
distinction recorded between spores is also misleading, as in both 
‘““species” they are straight or slightly curved, and black spots 
sometimes on the tips of the fronds are not confined to R. cuspidata. 
The vars. incrassata and crassa of the two “species” are also alike 
morphologically. The distorted form characteristic of them has been 
proved by Zopf (Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. xxv. (1907) p. 288) to be due 
to insect action. 
The lichen is provided with a stout band of longitudinal strengthen- 
ing hyphe which projects irregularly into the medulla. The outer 
cortex is narrow and very gelatinous. 
Hab. On rocks and boulders in maritime districts, rarely at a 
distance from the sea.—Distr. General and common on rocky coasts 
of the British Isles—B. M. Guernsey; La Moye, Mount Orgueil and 
Grisnez Common, Jersey; St. Mary’s, Scilly; St. Michael’s Mount, 
Land’s End, Lamorna Cliff, Tintagel, The Lizard, St. Breock, Pentire, 
Fowey and Penzance, Cornwall; near Plymouth, Leigh Tor, Dart- 
moor, Bolt Head, Wembury and Torquay, Devon; I. of Wight; 
Tenby, Manorbier and near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire ; Aberystwith, 
