188 CYCLOCARPINEE [ALECTORIA 
branched, greyish; soralia numerous, rather prominent. Apo- 
thecia not seen. 
More slender and less entangled than the species, and of a lighter 
colour. The numerous soralia and the absence of reaction with 
potash distinguish it from A. implezxa. 
Hab. On the branches of old firs in wooded mountainous regions. 
—Distr. Local and rare among the Grampians, Scotland—B,. M. Ben 
Lawers, Perthshire. 
Subsp. chalybeiformis Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. p. 25 (1871).— 
Thallus decumbent, flexuose, stouter and more rigid than the 
species, olive- or brownish-black, the branches short, remote 
sometimes a little paler at the apices; soralia rather rare. Apo- 
thecia not seen.—Cromb. in Grevillea xv. p. 48 (1886). Var. 
chalybeiformis Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 593 (1810); Hook. FI. 
Scot. ii. p. 57 & in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 227; Mudd Man. p. 70; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 24; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 89; ed. 3, p. 80. 
A. chalybeiformis 8. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 408 (1821). Muscus 
caule rigido, instar fili chalibec Dill. in Ray Syn. ed. 3, p. 65 
n. 2 (1724). Usnea rigida horsum vorsum eaxtensa Dill. Hist. 
Muse. p. 66, t. 13, fig. 10 (1741). Lichen chalybeiformis L. 
Sp. Pl. p. 1155 (1753); Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 462; Lightf. Fl. 
Scot. ii. p. 892; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 47. 
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 245 & Lich. Cantab. n. 7; Mudd 
n. 38. 
Sometimes regarded as a species, but too closely akin to Alectoria 
jubata to be worthy of separate specific rank. Neither apothecia nor 
spermogones have been found on British specimens. <A. jubata 
generally grows on trees, while this subspecies is uniformly a rock 
plant. 
Hab. Among mosses on rocks and boulders in upland and moun- 
tainous districts.—Distr. General and not uncommon in England 
and N. Wales, plentiful among the Grampians, Scotland; not re- 
corded from Ireland.—B. M. Templemore, Devon; Eridge rocks near 
Tunbridge Wells, and Ardingly rocks, Sussex; Herefordshire Beacon 
near Malvern; Cader Idris, Merioneth ; Snowdon, Carnarvonshire ; 
Anglesea; Thetford Warren, Norfolk; Battersby Cleveland, York- 
shire; Gateshead Fell, Durham; Suddale, Westmoreland; Ben 
Cruachan, Argyll; Ben More and Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; Clova 
Mts., Forfarshire; Craig Coinnoch, Glen Cluny, Lochnagar, Ben- 
naboord, Craig Guie and Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Ben Nevis 
and Loch Ennich, Invernessshire; Hoy, Orkney. 
44, CERANIA 8S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 413 (1821). 
Thamnolia Ach. in litt. ex Scher. Enum. p. 243 (1850). 
(Pl. 44.) 
Thallus of upright stalk-like fronds, cylindrical, sparingly 
branched, tapering upwards ; the cortex of small cells ; medulla 
of parallel hyphze, hollow in the centre. Algal cells Plewrococeus. _ 
Apothecia not rightly known. Spermogones immersed, in small 
