CERANIA] USNEACEE 189 
warts, with pleurogenous short cylindrical straight or slightly 
bent spermatia. 
The position of the genus is uncertain in the absence of definite 
knowledge as to the reproduction of the plant. Massalongo (in 
Flora xxxix. p. 232) and Th. Fr. (Lich. Arct. p. 161) represent the 
apothecia as terminal and immarginate somewhat like those of 
Cladonia, with simple colourless spores. According to Minks (in 
Flora lvii. p. 337) the fruits are pyrenocarpous and are united in 
lateral stromata. 
1. C. vermicularis 8. F. Gray 1. c.—Thallus erect or mostly 
prostrate, fronds simple or sparingly branched, smooth or some- 
what grooved, somewhat solitary or in dense tufts, chalky-white 
(K + yellow). Apothecia doubtful.—Thamnolia vermicularis 
Scher. Enum. p. 243 (1850); Mudd Man. p. 68; Cromb. Lich. 
Brit. p. 23; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 83; ed. 3, p. 75. Lichen 
vermicularis Swartz in Linn. fil. Meth. Muse. p. 37 (1781); 
Dicks. Pl. Crypt. fase. 11. p. 23, t. 6, fig. 10; With. Arr. ed. 3, 
iv. p. 41; Engl. Bot. t. 2029. Cladonia vermicularis DC. FI. 
France. ii. p. 355 (1805); Hook. in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 234; 
Mudd Brit. Clad. p. 34. Cenomyce vermicularis Ach. Lich. Univ. 
p- 566 (1810) ; Hook. FI. Scot. ii. p. 65. 
Exsice Croall n. 399 ; Cromb. n. 13. 
Easily recognized by the form and habit resembling small white 
worms. The pycnidia are very rare with spermatia, 4-5 » long, 
1 p» thick. 
Hab. On the ground among mosses and heaths in alpine and 
mountainous regions.— Distr. Very local and rare on the mountains 
of N. Wales, N. England and Scotland.—B. M. Cader Idris, 
Merioneth ; Skiddaw, Cumberland; Ben Lawers, Craig Calliach and 
Ben Vrackie, Perthshire ; Clova Mts. and Canlochan, Forfarshire ; 
Lochnagar, Morrone, Miltown of Invercauld, Ben-naboord and Cairn- 
toul Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Ben Nevis, Invernessshire; Hills of 
Applecross, Rossshire. 
Var. taurica A. L. Sm.—Thallus more turgid, suberect re- 
curved, cornute and pointed at the apices.—Lichen tauricus Wulf. 
in Jacq. Coll. ii. p. 177, t. 12, fig. 2 (1788). Thamnolia vermicu- 
laris var. taurica Scher. Enum. p. 244 (1850) ; Cromb. in Journ. 
Bot. xxiii. p. 195 (1885) & Monogr. i. p. 185. 
Differs from the species in the stouter thallus. 
Hab. On the ground in alpine places.—B. M. Near the summit of 
Cairngorm, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
Orpver XII. PHYSIACEA. 
Thallus fruticose, foliose, squamulose or crustaceous, yellow- 
coloured, grey or brown. Structure various. Algal cells Pro- 
tococcus. Apothecia discoid, marginate or rarely immarginate ; 
