194 CYCLOCARPINE% [XAN'THORIA 
p. 487 (1810). Physcia parietina var. aureola Nyl. Syn. i. 
p. 411 (1860); Mudd Man. p. 113; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 143; 
ed. 3, p. 132 (incl. var. polycarpa £. fumidla: p. 133); Cromb. 
Monogr. i. p. 298 (incl. f. congranulata) ; subvar. tumida Wedd. 
in Bull. Soc. Bot. xvi. p- 198 (1869); f£. congranulata Cromb. 
in Grevillea xv. p. 78 (1887). 
Exsicc. Johns. n. 85; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 212. 
Distinguished by the submonophyllous wrinkled thallus, which is 
often more or less granular. Thallus and apothecia are generally 
deeply coloured. Form congranulata is more densely granular. 
Hab. On trees and walls in maritime and upland districts.— 
Distr. Rather rare throughout England, $8. Wales and in E. Scot- 
land.—B. IW. St. Minver and Withiel, Cornwall; near Ryde, I. of 
Wight; Ulting, Essex; Twycross, Leicestershire ; Tenby, Pembroke- 
shire; Great Comberton, Worcestershire ; Buxton, Derbyshire ; near 
King’s Lynn, Norfolk; Kendal, Westmoreland; Harris Moor, near 
Whitehaven, Cumberland; Weardale, Durham; Swinhope, East 
Allendale, Northumberland; Cramond, near Edinburgh; near Cove 
and Portlethen, Kincardineshire ; near Aberdeen. 
Var. ectanea Oliv. Lich. L’Orne, p. 83 (1882).—Thallus of 
narrower imbricate lobes, plane or unequal, with raised margins ; 
deep tawny- or reddish-yellow. Apothecia small or moderate in 
size, the margin generally entire.-—Muscus crusta . . . adnascens 
flavus Buddle Hort. Sicc. ii. fol. 6, n. 4 in Herb. Sloane. 
Parmelia parietina var. ectanea Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 464 (1810). 
Physcia parietina var. ectanea Nyl, in Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. 
sér. 3, i. p. 306 (1856); Mudd Man. p. 113; Leight. Lich. Fl. 
p. 143; ed. 3, p. 132; Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 299; var. aureola 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 38 (1870) (non Nyl.). 
Exsice. Johns. n. 86; Larb. Lich. Cesar. n. 67. 
Closely approaching the species, though more irregular in outline, 
more broken up, and generally more deeply coloured. Crombie 
(Monogr. i. p. 299) suggests that Lichen fulvus Dicks. (Pl. Crypt. 
fase. iii. p. 16 (1793)) may be referable to this variety. 
Hab. On dry rocks in maritime, rarely in mountainous districts.— 
Distr. Local, though plentiful where it occurs in $.W. and N. 
England, 8. and N. Wales, E. Scotland and 8.W. Ireland.—B. M. 
Jersey; Sark; Guernsey; Penzance, Cornwall; Bolt Head, Devon ; 
Tenby, Pembrokeshire; King’s Stanley, Gloucestershire; Llanymy- 
nech, Montgomeryshire ; Barmouth, Merioneth; I. of Man; St. Bees, 
Cumberland; Fern Islands, Northumberland; Cramond, near Edin- 
burgh; Portlethen, Kincardineshire ; Peterhead and near Braemar, 
Aberdeenshire ; near Blackwater Bridge, Kerry. 
2. X. polycarpa Oliv. in Rev. Bot. xii. p. 96 (1894).—Thallus 
effuse or in small conglomerate masses, the lobes short, crenulate 
at the margins, sometimes almost crustaceous, greenish-yellow 
(K + purple). Apothecia numerous, crowded, almost covering 
the thallus, rather small, with turgid entire margin ; spores 
