XANTHORIA | PHYSIACE® 195 
11-15 p long, 6-8 p thick.—Lichen polycarpus Ehrh. Exs. n. 136 
(1791) nomen; Sm. Engl. Bot. n. 1795 (1807). Psoroma peoly- 
carpum 8. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 445 (1821). Leeanora cande- 
laria var. polycarpa Hook. FI. Scot. ii. p. 51 (1821). Squamaria 
candelaria var. polycarpa Hook. in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 194 
(1833). Physcia parietina var. polycarpa Mudd Man. p. 113 
(1861); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 38; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 144; 
ed. 3, p. 133. P. polycarpa Nyl. ex Lamy in Bull. Soc. Bot. 
Fr. xxv. p. 381 (1878). 
Ezxsicc. Johns. n. 87; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 47 & Lich. Cantab. 
n. 11; Leight. n. 265; Mudd n. 86 pro parte. 
The thallus is much less developed than in the previous species. 
and the spores rather smaller. [t frequently occurs in roundish 
pulvinate patches. 
Hab. On palings and trees, chiefly larch, in maritime and upland 
districts.—Distr. Here and there throughout England and Scotland, 
not recorded for Ireland.—. M. St. Leonard’s Forest, Sussex ; Kemble. 
Wilts; Langford, Essex; Cherry Hinton and Gogmagog Hills, 
Cambridgeshire; Twycross, Leicestershire; near Oswestry, Shrop- 
shire; Redcar, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; near Hexham, Northumberland : 
Finlarig and near Lawers Inn, Killin, Perthshire ; Durris, Kincardine- 
shire. 
Form lobulata A. L. Sm.—Thallus reduced, effuse, lobes 
short, roundly crenate. Apothecia numerous, small; spores as 
in the species. Lecanora lobulata Flirke Deutsche Lich. i. p. 10 
(1815). Physcia parietina var. lobulata Mudd Man. p. 113 
(1861); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 38. Physcia polycarpa f. lobulata 
Cromb. in Grevillea xv. p. 78 (1887) & Monogr. i. p. 300. 
Ezxsicc. Johns. n. 88; Mudd n. 86 pro parte. 
Considered by Crombie to be possibly only a depauperate form of 
the species with which it often grows associated. 
Hab. On palings in upland districts.—Distr. Rare in N. England 
and in the §. and N.E. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. Redcar, Cleve- 
land, Yorkshire; Wark-on-Tyne, Northumberland; near Killin. 
Perthshire ; Durris, Kincardineshire. 
3. X. lychnea Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. i. p. 146 (1871).—Thallus 
spreading, lobate, the lobes small, crowded, plane and imbricate 
or ascending, deeply cut, with upturned granular-pulverulent 
margins, orange- or tawny-yellow; beneath paler (K+ Woletm lish) 
Apothecia moderate in size, rather rare, scattered, concolorous, 
the margin entire or crenate ; spores 11-17 p long, 7-11 y thick. 
—Lichen concolor Dicks. fase. iii. p. 18, t. ix. f. 8 (1793) pro 
minore parte. LL. candelarius Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1794 (1807) pro 
minore parte. Parmelia candelaria var. lychnea Ach. Meth. 
p. 187 (1803). Physcia parietina var. lychnea Mudd Man. 
p. 114; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 143; ed. 3, p. 132; subsp. lychnea 
) 
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