218 CYCLOCARPINEE [PLACODIUM 
ellipsoid, 15-18 » long, 7-10 p thick.—Lecanora albolutescens 
Nyl. in Flora lxiv. p. 177 (1881); Cromb. in Grevillea x. p. 22 
(1881) & Monogr. 1. p. 379. 
Exsicc. Johns. nos. 129, 130 (as form ecrustacea). 
The apothecia are sometimes large and irregular in form ; they are 
sublecanorine, gonidia being present below the hypothecium. The 
thallus also sometimes spreads upwards round the outside. The 
spores vary in form, the polar loculi may be fairly small, or very 
large, with the median septum correspondingly thin. 
Hab. On granitic rocks in upland regions.—Distr. Very sparingly 
in N. England.—B. M. Tyneside, Bywell, Northumberland ; Sealegill, 
Cumberland. 
28. Pl. nivale Tuckerm. Syn. N. Amer. Lich. 1. p. 176 
(1882).—Thallus effuse, minutely granular, whitish or greyish 
(KK + purplish). Apothecia small, adnate, at first plane with 
entire proper margin, becoming convex, orange-coloured or 
brownish (KK + crimson) ; paraphyses septate at the tips; spores 
oblong-fusiform, simple, becoming septate, 24-38 p long, 5—7 pu 
thick.—Zeora nivalis Koerb. in Denkschr. Schles. Ges. Vat. 
Kult. p. 231, fig. 2 (1853). Lecanora nivalis Carroll in Journ. 
Bot. iii. p. 288 (1865); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 48 & Monogr. i. 
p. 388; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 226; ed. 3, p. 217. Lecanora fusco- 
luteolina Mudd Man. p. 153 (1861). 
Generally described as having a thin thalline margin, but that is 
scarcely visible at any stage; in sections there is a strong band of 
gonidia abutting on the lower part of the proper margin. In some of 
the spores there is a distinct thickening of the median septum, which, 
combined with the presence of parietin, places it in this genus. The 
apothecia are numerous and crowded. 
Hab, On decayed mosses on rocks and boulders in alpine localities. 
—Distr. Sparingly among the S. Grampians, Scotland.— B. MW. Ben 
Lawers and Ben Cruachan, Perthshire. 
Thallus dark-coloured ; reaction with potash various. 
29. Pl. hematites A. L. Sm.—Thallus subeffuse or deter- 
minate, continuous and wrinkled, or areolate, dark-grey, with a 
bluish hypothallus (K + crimson), Apothecia moderate or small, 
the dise rusty-red, the thalline margin greyish-white, persistent ; 
paraphyses slender, rarely branched and septate upwards ; spores 
oblong- or broadly-ellipsoid, 12-18 » long, 6-11 yp thick.— 
Lecanora hematites Chaub. in St. Amans Flor. Agen. p. 492 
(1821); Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 212. L. cerina subsp. heematites 
Nyl. in Mém. Soe. Sci. Nat. Cherb. v. p. 112 (1857); Cromb. 
Monogr. i. p. 382. 
Eesice. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 56 & Cantab, n, 22. 
Distinet not only in the colour of thallus and apothecia, but in the 
habitat. The apothecia are generally crowded; the spore loculi are 
very small. 
