PLACODIUM | PHYSIACE® Apart 
section). Apothecia small or moderate in size, with a proper 
margin, flexuose in the larger apothecia, orange-reddish or brown, 
the margin lighter in colour (K + crimson) ; paraphyses slender, 
branched and septate at the tips; spores broadly ellipsoid, 
11-16 » long, 7-10 p thick.—Lecidea Turneriana Ach. Lich. 
Univ. p. 206 (1810). Lecanora Turneriana Nyl. ex Cromb. in 
Journ. Bot. xiv. p. 360 (1876) & Monogr. i. p. 379. 
Eaxsice. Johns. n. 106 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. (without a number). 
Allied to Pl. atroflavum, but with a thicker thallus; the spores 
are sometimes almost globose, perhaps owing to compression in the 
ascus. 
Hab. On rocks in maritime districts. —Distr. Rare in S. Wales, 
N.W. England and W. Ireland.—B,. M. St. David’s, Pembrokeshire ; 
Barrowmouth, Cumberland ; Killery Bay, Connemara, Galway. 
48. CANDELARIELLA Miill.-Arg. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. 
App. i. p. 47 (1894). Lecanora subgen. Candelaria Nyl. in 
Flora Ixiv. p. 454 (1881) pro parte; Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 566. 
(Pl. 48.) é 
Thallus crustaceous, granular, sometimes lobed at the 
circumference, yellow-coloured (K—). Algal cells Protococeus. 
Apothecia sessile, yellow, with a thalline margin (K—); hypo- 
thecium colourless ; paraphyses unbranched, occasionally septate, 
and wider towards the apex; spores 8 or many in the ascus, 
colourless, ellipsoid, simple or l-septate. Spermogones minute, 
with septate forked or branched sterigmata and acrogerious 
spermatia. 
The yellow thallus characteristic of the species in this genus 
contains no parietin, but though in that and in other respects 
resembling Lecanora, there are undoubted affinities with the Physia- 
ce, as the spores tend to become septate and, occasiqnally, polari- 
locular. It has been suggested that this genus may form the base of 
the polarilocular series. There is also affinity with the genus Cande- 
laria (Parmeliace). 
Thallus lobate at the circumference. 
1. C. crenata A. L. Sm.-—Thallus orbicular, the lobes of the 
circumference effigurate, short, divided and crenate, convex, 
yellow (K—). Apothecia moderate in size, plane, citrine- or 
livid yellow, the thalline margin granular-crenate ; spores many 
in the ascus, ellipsoid-oblong, simple or obscurely septate, 9-15 
long, 4-7 p thick.—Lichen murorum var. crenulatus Wahlenb. FI. 
Lapp. p. 416 (1812) (non Dicks.). Lecanora crenata Nyl.in Not. 
Siillsk. Faun. & Fl. Fenn. Forh. v. p. 130 (1866); Leight. Lich. 
FI. p. 180; ed. 3, p. 166; Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 367. 
Not unlike Placodiwm muwrorwm in the form of the thallus, but 
differing in the absence of parietin and in the spore characters, A 
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