CANDELARIELLA | PHYSIACE2 229 
Hab. On rocks, walls and earth, also on trees and old palings.— 
Distr.—General and common throughout the British Isles.—B. M. 
Jersey; Guernsey; Sark; Launceston and St. Minver, Cornwall ; 
Lustleigh Cleeve, Devon; Broomfield, Beeleigh and Walthamstow, 
Essex; Madingley, Cambridgeshire; Ankerdine Hill and Malvern. 
Worcestershire; Longmynd, Shropshire; Barmouth, Merioneth; 
Anglesea; Buxton, Derbyshire; near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; 
Stocksfield and Swinhope, East Allendale, Northumberland; near 
Kendal, Westmoreland ; Alston, Cumberland; Craigleith, near Edin- 
burgh; Appin, Argyll; Killin, Ben Lawers and Craig Tulloch, Blair 
Athole, Perthshire; Will’s Braes, Forfarshire; Portlethen, Kincar- 
dineshire; Bridge of Gairn, Ballater, Aberdeenshire ; Rothiemurchus, 
Invernessshire ; Kylemore, Connemara, Galway. 
Var. aurella A. L. Sm.—Granules of the thallus scattered, 
often almost disappearing. Apothecia minute, otherwise like 
the species.—-Verrucaria aurella Hoffm. Fl. Deutschl. ii. p. 197 
(1795). Lecanora vitellina var. aurella Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 404 
(1810); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 48 & Monogr. i. p. 369; Leight. 
Lich. Fl. p. 181; ed. 3, p. 167. 
Ezxsicc. Johns. n. 100. 
Hab. On rocks and walls in maritime and upland districts.— 
Distr. Rare in the Channel Islands, N. England and Highlands of 
Seotland.—B. M. Sark; East Allendale, Northumberland; Appin. 
Argyll; Killin, Perthshire. 
Var. xanthostigma A. L. Sm.—Thallus thin, more leprose 
than in the species, sometimes very scanty. Apothecia minute. 
—Lichen citrinus Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1793 (1807) (non Ach.) fide 
Crombie. Lecanora citrina var. xanthostigma Pers. ex. Ach. 
Lich. Univ. p. 403 (1810). LZ. vitellina subsp. xanthostigma Ny). 
in Not. Sillsk. Faun. & Fl. Fenn. Forh. v. p. 130 (1866) ; Cromb. 
Monogr. i. p. 369. L. xanthostigma Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xx. 
p- 273 (1882). 
Hab. On the trunks of old trees in wooded districts.—Distr. Only 
recorded from S. and E. England.—B. M. Glynde, Sussex; Waltham.- 
stow, Essex; near Bradford, Wilts ; Windsor Great Park, Berks. 
4. C. epixantha A. L. Sm.—Thallus effuse, thin, granulose, 
scanty or almost disappearing, orange-yellow or greyish (K — ). 
Apothecia numerous, small, with a thin pale-yellow subcrenulate 
margin, plane, becoming convex; spores 8 in the ascus, oblong 
or ellipsoid, simple, sometimes becoming septate and polarilocular, 
12-21 p long, 5-7 p thick. —Lecidea epixantha Ach, Lich. Univ. 
p- 208 (1810). Callopisma vitellinellum Mudd Man. p. 155 
(1861). Lecanora epixantha Nyl. in Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxv. 
p. 62 (1864); Cromb. in Grevillea xviii. p. 45 & Monogr. 1. 
p. 370; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 206; ed. 3, p. 213. JL. vitellina 
var. epixantha Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 48 (1870) (incl. var. 
octospora) ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 181; ed. 3, p. 167. 
The thallus is much more scanty than in C. vitellina and the 
apothecia smaller with less prominent margins; but the species 
