230 CYCLOCARPINE [CANDELARIELLA 
chietiy differs in the number of the spores with and their more pro- 
nounced polarilocular character. 
Hab. On rocks and walls in maritime and upland situations.— 
Distr. Rare in S. England, Wales and S$. Ireland.—B. M. Hastings, 
Sussex; Cheddar, Somerset; Llandyssil, Cardiganshire; Giant's 
Stairs, Cork. 
49, PHYSCIA Schreb. Gen. Pl. ed. 8, ii. p. 768 (1791); 
emend Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. p. 60 (1860). Borrera Ach. Lich. 
Univ. p. 496 (1810) pro parte; 8. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 434 
pro parte; Hook. FI. Scot. ii. p. 56 pro parte; Mudd Man. 
p. 103. (PI. 49.) 
Thallus rarely ascending and fruticose, more generally foliose 
and horizontal, greyish, whitish or brown, attached by haptera 
or by rhizoids. Structure various, radiate, subradiate or dorsi- 
ventral. Apothecia discoid, sessile or shortly stalked, with a 
thalline margin, the disc dark ; hypothecium colourless, brownish- 
yellow or dark ; paraphyses septate, simple or branched near the 
apices and tipped with brown; spores 8 in the ascus, dark-brown, 
more or less distinctly polarilocular. 
There is considerable variation in the thallus; a few species are 
wholly surrounded by a cortex which is formed of hyphe parallel 
with the long axis of the frond, termed jfibrows. This type of cortex 
in some is confined to the upper surface, in others to the lower; 
while in others again it is replaced by a cortex of plectenchyma. 
Those species with a fibrous upper cortex have been placed by some 
authors in a separate genus Anaptychia (Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 
p. 49 (1855) ). The spores have nearly always a well-marked polarilo- 
cular structure, but the apices of the spores rather than the septa are 
the most thickened portions, and the cell-lumens are thus placed near 
the median wall. 
. 
A, Cortex fibrous above or on both surfaces. 
Thallus fruticose or partly ascending. 
1. Ph. intricata Scher. Enum. p. 11 (1850). — Thallus 
fruticose subascending (2 to 3 em. high), branched and tangled, 
with rooting hyphwe, but generally becoming free from the 
substratum at the base; fronds narrow, rather compressed and 
channelled, pubescent and uneven, connected together by haptera, 
the ultimate branchlets often shortly fimbriate, greyish-glaucous 
(K—). Apothecia rare, lateral, sessile, rather small, convex, 
with a thin entire grey margin; spores dark-brown, 18-26 p» 
long, 11-15 p thick.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 37; Leight. Lich. 
Fl, p. 144; ed. 3, p. 133.  Lichenoides subhirsutum teres, scutellis 
parvis nigris Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 157, t. 21, f. 51 (1741). 
Lichen intricatus Desf. Fl. Atl. ii. p. 420, t. 258, f. 3 (1800). 
L. atlanticus Sm, Engl. Bot. t. 1715 (1807). Borrera atlantica 
Ach, Lich, Univ. p. 502 (1810); 8. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 435; 
