242 CYCLOCARPINEZE | PHYSCIA 
Wood and near Edinburgh; Wormit Bay, Fife; Appin, Argyll; Ben 
Lawers, Killin and Blair Drummond, Perthshire; Tealing, Auchter- 
house and Montrose, Forfarshire ; Castleton of Braemar and Cults, 
Aberdeenshire; Carrigaloe, Cork; Dromoreland, Clare; Cushlecka 
and Dugort, Achill Island, Mayo. 
Form exempta A. L. Sm.—Lacinie shorter and broader, 
sometimes crowded and imbricate, sparingly and shortly ciliate. 
—Physcia stellaris subsp. tenella f. exempta Cromb. Monogr. i. 
p. 313 (1894). Borrera tenella var. exemta Ach. Lich. Univ. 
p. 499 (1810). Parmelia tenella var. exempta Tayl. in Mackay 
Fl. Hib. ii. p. 147 (1836). 
Exsicc. Johns. n. 93. 
Hab. On the trunks of trees and on palings.—Distr. Rare in 
N. England and §8.W. Ireland, probably overlooked.—B. M. Wark-on- 
Tyne, Northumberland; Ballynegarde, Limerick. 
Form subobscura A. L. Sm.—Thallus rather darker and cilia 
darker.—Ph. stellaris var. subobscura Nyl. in Bidr. Finl. Nat. iv. 
p. 239 (1859) ; Cromb. in Grevillea xv. p. 78 (1887) & Monogr 
i. p. 311; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 141. 
helen. att. Lich. Hb. (without a number). 
The darker colour of thallus and cilia may possibly be due to the 
exposed habitat of the form. 
Hab. On rocks and wall-tops.— Distr. Rare in the Channel Islands, 
N. England,- Highlands of Scotland and W. Ireland.—B. M. La Moye. 
Jersey; Kildale, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole. 
Perthshire ; Leenane, Galway. 
11. Ph. astroidea Nyl. in Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. sér, 3, 
i. p. 308 (1856).—Thallus irregularly orbicular, thin, closely 
appressed, the lacini of the periphery narrow or rather broad, 
crenate at the tips, the centre of the thallus granular, isidiose or 
becoming wholly pulverulent-sorediose, glaucous- or whitish-grey ; 
beneath “whitish, with numerous short slightly brownish rhizinw 
(K + yellow, CaCl + yellow). Apothecia rare, small, the dise 
brownish-black, naked or pruinose, the margin inflexed, becoming 
crenulate ; spores ellipsoid-oblong, 17-20 p long, 8-11 p thick.— 
Carroll in Journ. Bot. iii. p. 288 (1865); Cromb. Lich. Brit. 
p. 39; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 153; ed. 3, p. 139. Parmelia 
astroidea Clem. Ensayo, p. 302 (1807). P. Clementi Turn. in 
Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. p. 146, t. ou fig. 1 (1808). P. Clementiana 
Ach, Lich. Univ. p. 483 (1810) ; 8. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 439 ; 
Tayl. in Mackay FI. Hib. ii. p. 147. P. columnaris Tayl. tom. 
cit. p. 144 (1836). Lichen Clementi Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1779 
(1807). Squamaria Clementi Hook. in Sm, Engl. Fl. p. 196 
(1833). Borrera astroidea Mudd Man. p. 108, t. 2, fig. 32 
(1861) (inel. var. Clementi) 
Ezaicc, Leight. n. 324. 
A southern species first discovered in Spain and rarely fruiting in 
our country. The thallus is extremely variable, but generally dis- 
