PHYSCIA | PHYSIACEX 247 
nibbled or abraded portions ; occasionally the rhizine grow horizon- 
tally from the margins of the lacinie. The lower cortex is a rather 
broad layer of very dark plectenchyma. Apothecia are fairly 
frequent ; spermogones are still more numerous with spermatia, 
3 » long, about 1 » thick. The variety (Parmelia chloantha Ach. 
Syn. Lich. p. 217 (1814) ), distinguished by a lighter-coloured thallus, 
does not occur in the British Isles. 
Hab. On trunks of trees in inland districts.—Dist. Rare in 
England and the S. Grampians, Scotland.—B. MW. Brockenhurst, 
New Forest, Hants; Beeding, Sussex; near Ledbury, Herefordshire ; 
Malvern, Worcestershire ; Newmarket, Cambridgeshire; Penylan, 
Denbighshire ; Finlarig, Killin, Perthshire. 
Var. ciliata Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Die Flechten Tirol, etc. 
p. 166 (1902).—Thallus similar to that of the species ; beneath 
dark-rhizinose, the rhizinz frequently growing straight from the 
margin of the lobes, like rigid cilia. Apothecia rather larger, 
numerous, the under side frequently furnished with stiff grey or 
dark cilia.—Physcia ulothriz Nyl. m Flora lviii. p. 360 (1875) ; 
Cromb. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxii. p. 571 (1880) & Monogr. i. 
p. 319. Ph. obscura var. ulothri« Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 39; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 149; ed. 3, p. 1387. Lichenoides viride, 
segmentis angustis distortis, scutellis pullis Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 178, 
t. 24, fig. 72a (1741). Lichen ciliatus Hoffm. Enum. Lich. 
p- 69, t. 14, fig. 1 (1784); Dicks. Pl. Crypt. fase. ii. p. 16? 
With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 30. LD. stellaris var. 4 With. tom. cit. 
p- 31 (1796). L. ulothrix Ach, Lich. Suec. Prodr. p. 113 (1798). 
L. virellus Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1696 (1807) lower fig. Parmelia 
ulothriz Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 200 (1803); Tayl. in Mackay FI. 
Hib. ii. p. 146. Borrera obscura var. ulothric Mudd Man. 
p. 110 (1861). 
Exsice. Johns. n. 210; Leight. n. 80. 
Though given specific rank by Acharius, Crombie and others, this 
lichen can only be considered a variety, as the ciliate character of the 
lobes, due to the horizontal rhizine of the margin, is also a feature of 
the species, though to a less marked extent, and the brush-like cilia 
of the apothecia are not constant even in the same specimen. The 
cortex of the under surface is like that of the species. The identity 
of Lichen ciliatus with Physcia ulothrix was determined by Wainio 
(Medd. Soc. Faun. & Fl. Fenn. xiv. p. 14 (1886) ). 
Hab. On the trunks of trees, rarely on palings and walls in 
maritime and upland districts.—Dist7. Rather uncommon through- 
out Great Britain ana Ireland.—B. M. Near Penzance, Cornwall ; 
Torquay, Devon; Bolney, Brighton and Aldbourne, Sussex; Olting. 
Essex ; Cirencester, Gloucestershire; Gopsall, Leicestershire; near 
Worcester; Buxton, Derbyshire; Asbgill, Cumberland; New Gallo- 
way, Kirkeudbrightshire; Appin, Argyll; Finlarig, Killin and Glen 
Fender, Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Carrigaloe, Cork. 
Var. virella Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Die Flechten Tirol, ete. 
p. 166 (1902).—Thallus spreading, pale greyish-green, sometimes 
