248 CYCLOCARPINE® | PHYSCIA 
dotted with small roundish soralia. Apothecia small or moderate 
in size, rarely ciliate on the under side.—Physcia obscura var. 
virella Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 148 (1871); ed. 3, p. 137. Ph. endo- 
coceina Cromb. in Journ, Bot. x. p. 359 (1872) (non. Koerb.) ; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 142. Ph. ulothrix var. rirella Cromb. 
in Grevillea xv. p. 78 (1887) & Monogr. i. p. 320; Dill. 1. c. 
fig. 72B. Lichen virellus Ach. Lich. Suec. Prodr. p. 108 (1798); 
Engl. Bot. t. 1696, two upper figs. Parmelia virella Ach. Meth. 
Lich. p. 201 (1803) ; Hook. in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 202. Borrera 
obscura var. virella Mudd Man. p. 110 (1861). 
Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 126 & Lich. Cantab. n. 15; 
Mudd n. 80. 
Distinguished by the lighter colour, bright-green when wet, light- 
brown when dry. Some of the specimens like those of the species 
are dotted with small abraded or nibbled spots, others are abun- 
dantly sorediate. The lobes are rhizinose-ciliate and occasionally 
the apothecia. Both species and varieties, more especially var. 
virella, are frequently associated with Xanthoria parietina, and are 
thus liable to be suffused with parietin, which give a yellow tone of 
colour to the whole thallus (Ph. endococcina Cromb.). 
Hab. On trunks of old trees, rarely on walls in maritime and 
inland districts.—Distr. Not uncommon in England, rarer in Wales, 
Scotland and Ireland.—B. M. Near Penzance, Cornwall; Ilsham, 
Torquay, Devon; Ryde, I. of Wight; near Brighton, Henfield and 
Dannv, Sussex; Epping Forest and Ulting, Essex; near Cirencester 
and Honeybourne, Gloucestershire ; Broadwas and Norton, Worces- 
tershire; Gogmagog Hills and near Newmarket, Cambridgeshire ; 
Aberdovey, Merioneth ; Darley, Derbyshire ; Ayton, Cleveland, York- 
shire; Airds, Appin, Argyll; Finlarig, Killin and Glen Fender, 
Perthshire ; Killaloe, Cork ; Lyons near Dublin. 
.18. Ph. lithotea Nyl. in Flora Ix. p. 354 (1877).—Thallus sub- 
orbicular, composed of short plane subimbriecate multifid laciniz, 
light- or generally dark-brown, beneath black, the rhizine black, 
numerous, occasionally extending from the margins (K —, 
CaCl — ). Apothecia rare “central, blackish ; spores as in the 
preceding species or slightly smaller.” —Ph. obscura subsp. lithotea 
Cromb. in Grevillea xv. p. 78 (1887); var. chloantha f. lithotea 
Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 157 (1879). Parmelia cycloselis vay. 
lithotea Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 199 (1803). 
Eexsiec. Larb. Lich. Hb. (without a number). 
Resembles the preceding species and varieties in the structure of 
the tlrallus, the upper cortex being plectenchymatous, the lower also 
of plectenchyma very deeply impregnated with a dark brown pigment. 
The older specimens become roughly furfuraceous. 
Hab, In depressions of rocks by the sea and by lakes and streams 
in mountainous districts.—Distr. Local and scarce in N. England, 
N. Wales. S. Grampians, Scotland, and N.W. Ireland.—B. M, Near 
Newton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Teesdale, Durham; Loch Tay, Perth- 
shire ; Connemara, Galway. 
