272 CYCLOCARPINEX [LECANORA 
ed. 3, p. 186. Lichen rugosus Pers. ex Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 394 
(1810) (? Linn.). 
Exsice. Johns. n. 37 pro parte, 111. 
Frequently classified as a variety of L. swhfusca, and closely allied 
to var. allophana, but the thick thallus and thalline margin are 
distinctive, though the thallus varies somewhat with the condition of 
the bark on which it grows. The apothecia are usually reddish-brown. 
L. rugosum L. (Sp. Pl. p. 1140) and early British authors is doubtful ; 
Linnzus gives a citation from Dillenius which Crombie has identified 
with the fungus Dichena. 
Hab. On trunks of trees, rarely on old palings.—Dvzstr. General 
and fairly common throughout the British Isles —B.M. Ilsham, 
Torquay, Devon; Glynde, Sussex; Ulting. Essex; near Cirencester, 
Gloucestershire ; Gopsall, Leicestershire ; Hollybush Hill, Malvern, 
Worcestershire ; Bakewell, Derbyshire ; Levens Park, Westmoreland ; 
Calder Abbey and Alston, Cumberland; Chollerford, Northumber- 
land; Pennycuik Glen, near Edinburgh; near Glasgow; Barcaldine, 
Argyll; Blairdrummond, near Stirling; Killin, Perthshire ; Rostellan, 
Cork; Old Dromore and Killarney, Kerry; Tervoe, near Limerick ; 
Derryclare and Lough Inagh, Galway; Westport, Mayo. 
14. L. epibryon Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 155 (1814).—Thallus 
subdeterminate, granulose-concrescent or warted, white (K + 
yellowish). Apothecia moderate in size, plane, scattered or 
crowded, the disc brown or reddish-brown, the thalline margin 
thin, entire, rarely flexuose or crenulate ; paraphyses slender, 
indistinctly septate, rather broadly clavate and brown at the 
tips ; spores 14-19 pw long, 6-11 » thick ; hymenial gelatine blue, 
the asci becoming wine-red, with iodine-—Cromb, in Grevillea 
xvill. p. 68 & Monogr. i. p. 411. JL. subfusca var. epibryon 
Mudd Man. p. 147 (1861); £. epibrya Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 51 
(1870); Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 203; ed. 3, p. 187. Lichen 
hypnorum Wulf. in Jacq. Coll. iv. p. 233, t. 7, fig. 1 (1790) (non 
Vahl in Fl. Dan. t. 956 (1787) & non Dicks.). ZL. epibryon Ach. 
Lich. Suec. Prod. p. 79 (1798). 
A northern or alpine plant, characterized by the white granulose 
continuous thallus, by the constantly larger spores, and by the 
character of the paraphyses. 
Hab. On decayed mosses on the ground in mountainous regions. 
—B.M. Ben Lawers, Perthshire. 
15. L. intumescens Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 143 (1855). 
—Thallus determinate, thin, smooth or becoming wrinkled, 
whitish (K + yellowish). Apothecia thickly scattered, pro- 
minent, small or moderate in size, the dise light or dark reddish- 
brown, plane or convex, sometimes slightly dull-pruinose or 
becoming blackish, the thalline margin thick, inflexed, generally 
entire, but sometimes flexuose and crenate, white; paraphyses 
somewhat conglutinate, slender, septate, sometimes branched and 
irregular towards the tips, colourless, the epithecium of brown 
