276 CYCLOCARPINE [LECANORA 
(1873) (2 Nyl.) & Monogr. i. p. 415. L. plymatula Johns. Easice. 
n. 368, 
Exsicc. Johns. n. 198, 368 (as L. plymatula); Larb. Lich. 
Hb. n. 19. 
Very closely allied to the preceding species, but distinguished by 
the thicker more warted thallus, and by the almost constantly black 
apothecia, thus resembling L. atra; the latter is, however, easily 
recognized by the violet colour of the hymenium. The paraphyses 
are more constantly dark-greenish than in L. cotlocarpa. 
Hab. On rocks and walls in maritime or mountainous regions.— 
Distr. Rare in N. England, the Scottish Highlands and W. Ireland. 
—B. M. Llandbedrog, Carnarvonshire; N. Derbyshire; Bearmoor, 
Northumberland ; Wastdale, Cumberland; New Galloway, Kirkcud- 
brightshire ; Achosragan Hill, Appin, Argyll; Craig Tulloch, Blair 
Athole, Perthshire ; Letter Hill and Ballinakill, Connemara, Galway ; 
Belclare near Westport and Clare Island, Mayo. 
Subsp. schistina Nyl. in Flora lv. p. 429 (1872).—Thallus 
determinate, smooth, wrinkled or areolate, glaucous-white. Apo- 
thecia generally rather small, sometimes becoming large and 
irregular, the disc plane then convex, black ; the thalline margin 
thickish, incurved ; spores ellipsoid, 11-14 » long, 6-8 yp thick. 
—Cromb. in Grevillea xviii. p..68 & Monogr. i. p. 416. TL. 
schistina Nyl. ex Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xx. p. 274 (1882). 
Differs from the species in the less warted thallus. The para- 
physes are sometimes stouter and the spores are also persistently 
smaller. 
Hab. On rocks and walls in maritime and upland districts.—Distr. 
Sparingly in the Scottish Highlands and in W. Ireland.—B. M. 
Barcaldine, Argyll; Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole, Perthshire; Clare 
Island and Achill Island, Mayo. 
20. L. atra Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 344 (1810) (excl. vars. 
confragosa and expansa).—Thallus determinate, thickish towards 
the centre, granulate or of crowded irregular warts, clear grey 
or greyish-white, with a thin blackish hypothallus (K + yellow). 
Apothecia moderate in size (up to 2 mm. across or more), crowded, 
the dise plane, black, the thalline margin prominent, persistent, 
often flexuose, entire or becoming crenulate ; paraphyses coherent, 
septate, violet in colour, the tips dark-brown, the whole hymenium 
violet, appearing al most black in a thick section ; spores ellipsoid, 
10-15 p long, 6-8 » thick ; hymenial gelatine blue with iodine. 
—Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 47 '& in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 186; Tayl. 
in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 133; Mudd Man. p- 145 pro ‘parte ; 
Cromb, Lich. Brit. p. 54 & Monogr. i. p. 450; Leight. Lich. FI. 
p. 194; ed. 3, p. 177. Lichenoides « crustaceum et leprosum, scutellis 
nigricantibus majoribus et minoribus Dill. in Ray Syn. ed. 3, p. 71, 
n. 43 (1724) pro parte & Hist. Muse. p. 133, t. 18, fig. 15a (1741). 
Lichen ater Huds. Fl. Angl. i. p. 445 (1762) ;, Lightf. Fl. Scot. 
