LECANORA | LECANORACEE 277 
itp. 513; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 18; Engl. Bot. t. 949. 
Rinodina atra S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 449 (1821). 
Easice. Johns. n. 119; Larb. Lich. Hb. nos. 16, 54. 
Distinguished from other Lecanorz with a black dise by the 
violet paraphyses which tend to become brown with age; the whole 
hymenium is blackish in thick sections. The apothecia are generally 
numerous and crowded. Spermogones are frequent with long slender 
somewhat straight spermatia, 18-26 » long. 
Hab. On rocks, walls and trees from maritime to subalpine regions. 
—Distr. General and common throughout the British Isles.—B. M. 
Sark; St. Minver, Cornwall; Isham Walk, Torquay, Devon; New 
Forest, Hants; Hastings, Sussex; Lydd Beach, Kent; Reigate Hill, 
Surrey; Langford, Essex; Cirencester, Gloucestershire; Woodfield, 
Monmouthshire; Tenby, Pembrokeshire; Worcester and Malvern 
Hills, Worcestershire ; Oswestry, Shropshire ; Aberdovey and Dolgelly, 
Merioneth; Anglesea; Cheveley Park and near Newmarket, Cambridge- 
shire; near Yarmouth, Suffolk; Staveley Head, Westmoreland; St. 
Bees and Alston, Cumberland; near Glasgow; Barcaldine and Appin, 
Argyll; West Water and near Balmerino, Fifeshire; Loch Tay, Craig 
Tulloch and Kinnoul Hill, Perthshire ; Denfenella and near Portlethen, 
Kineardineshire ; Hill of Ardo, Aberdeenshire; near Cork; Killaloe, 
Clare ; Dawros, Connemara, Galway; Achill Island and Clare Island, 
Mayo. 
Var. grumosa Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 345 (1810).—Thallus more 
finely granulose and cracked-areolate. Apothecia somewhat 
sunk in the thallus, small.—Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 451. Lichen 
grumosus Pers. in Ust. Ann. Bot. xiv. p. 36 (1795). 
Exsicc. Johns. n, 139. 
Differs from the species in the granulose thallus. Another variety 
(var. swhbyssoidea) also with a granulose thallus has been recorded by 
Stirton from Blair Athole, Perthshire, in Trans. Glasg. Nat. Hist. 
Soc. p. 85 (1875). He describes it as having a blackish thallus, 
effigurate at the circumference, with a white subbyssoid hypothallus. 
Crombie (Monogr. i. p. 451) suggests that it may be a form of 
L. gangaleoides. 
Hab. On rocks and walls in maritime and upland districts.— 
Distr. Rare in 8. Wales, N.W. England and probably N.E. Scotland 
(Cromb. 1. c.).—B. M. Woodfield, Monmouthshire ; Brougham Castle, 
Westmoreland. 
B. Hageni group.—Thallus thin or scanty, whitish or greyish 
(K —). Apothecia small, the dise generally dull- or yellowish- 
brown ; ascus 8- or poly-spored (LZ. Sambuc’). 
Ascus 8-spored. 
21. L. Hageni Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 368 (1810).—Thallus 
effuse, thin, minutely granular, cinereous-white, often scarcely 
visible (K —). Apothecia mostly small (less than 1 mm. across), 
often crowded, the dise plane or becoming turgid, pale to dark- 
brown of a dull tinge, sometimes greyish-pruinose, the thalline 
