278 CYCLOCARPINEE [LECANORA 
margin rather thin, entire or often crenulate and somewhat 
prominent, or sometimes almost obliterated by the swollen disc ; 
paraphyses slender or stoutish, irregularly septate and often 
uneven, colourless, or slightly clavate and-brown at the tips, the 
epithecium of brown granules; spores ellipsoid, 9-12 p long, 
5-6 p thick.—Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 208; ed. 3, p. 192; Cromb. 
Monogr. i. p. 425. LD. albella var. Hageni Mudd Man. p. 168 
(1861). LD. umbrina var. Hageni Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 51 (1870). 
Lichen Hageni Ach. Lich. Suec. Prodr. p. 57 (1798). 
Exsicc. Johns. n. 115; Larb. Lich. Hb. nos. 131, 219 & 
Lich. Cantab. n. 20. 
L. Hageni has been distinguished from L. wmbrina by Nylander 
and others (Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 424) on account of the difference in 
length of the spermatia: those of the former measuring up to 15 pn, 
the latter 15-22 ». It is acharacter that is uncertain and difficult to 
rely on, as spermogones are frequently absent. It differs from species 
of the L. swbfusca group in the less developed thallus, in the smaller 
apothecia and spores, the stouter paraphyses, the duller, more umber- 
brown of the disc, and in the absence of reaction with potash. 
Hab. On trees, or often on old palings, linoleum, etc., more rarely 
on soil or stones.—Distr. Not uncommon throughout the British 
Islands.—B. M. St. Aubin’s Bay, Jersey; near Penzance; New Forest, 
Hants; Ryde, I. of Wight; Lydd, Kent; Langford, Hadleigh and 
Hockley, Essex; Windsor Great Park, Berks; Wellow near Bath, 
Somerset ; Wimpole Park and Bottisham, Cambridgeshire; Brandon 
and Mendelsham, Suffolk; Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Ashgill Side 
and Ennerdale, Cumberland; Inverary, Argyll; Blair Athole and 
Achmore, Killin, Perthshire; Castlemartyr, Cork; Ballynagarde, 
Limerick. 
Form Zostere A. L. Sm.—Thallus poorly developed, almost 
wholly covered by the apothecia. Apothecia generally crowded, 
rather small, sometimes becoming large and, irregular, the disc 
dull-brown, the thalline margin white prominent, entire or sub- 
crenulate ; paraphyses stoutish, irregularly septate, sometimes 
bead-like towards the tips or irregularly clavate and brownish ; 
spores as in the species; hymenial gelatine biue with iodine.— 
L. subfusca var. Zosterze Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 158 (1814). LD. wumbrina 
subsp. Zosterze Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xii. p. 148 (1874) ; £. Zosteree 
Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 191 (1879). L. Zosterze Nyl. in Flora 
lix. p. 577 (1876); Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 425. 
Crombie gives spore sizes rather larger than those of the species 
(11-14 » x 6-7 »), but I have been unable to find spores so large in 
our specimens. In a weak solution of iodine the hymenium remains 
blue. Evidently a transition stage to the following variety. 
Hab. On old plants of Zostera marina.—Distr. Rare in the 
Channel Islands, 8.W. England and S8.W. Ireland.—B. M. Jersey; 
Sark; Guernsey; Pentire and the Lizard, Cornwall; Kilkee, Clare. 
Var. marina Th. Fr. Lich, Arct. p. 106 (1860); Lesd. Lich. 
Dunk. p. 155 (1910).—Thallus scarcely visible. Apothecia rather 
