282 CYCLOCARPINE [LECANORA 
Rev. Bot. vi. p. 161 (1887-8). L. subfusea f. albella Leight. 
Lich. Fl. p. 204 (1871). L. peralbella Nyl. in Flora lv. p. 365 
(1872); Leight. op. cit. ed. 3, p. 206. L. subalbella Nyl. 1. c. 
Lichen pallidus Schreb. Spicil. Fl. Lips. p. 183 (1771). L. albellus 
Pers. in Ust. Ann. Bot. xi. p. 18 (1794); Engl. Bot. t. 2154. 
L. rosellus Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1651 (1806) (non Pers.). Rinodina 
albella S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 453 (1821). 
Exsicc. Bohl. n. 77 ; Mudd n. 113. 
Distinguished by the whitish determinate thallus which forms 
orbicular patches on somewhat smooth bark, and also by the light- 
coloured pruinose apothecia. The spermogones are light-coloured 
round the ostiole, thus differing from those of L. swbfusca, which are 
dark-coloured (fide Hue Add. Nov. p. 84); the spermatia are 16-22 p 
long. 
Hab. On smooth bark of trees in wooded districts.— Distr. Rather 
rare but widely distributed in the British Isles—B. M. Near Bovey 
Tracey, Becky Falls, Devon; Netley Abbey and Lyndhurst, New 
Forest, Hants; Bainbridge, I. of Wight; St. Leonard’s Forest, 
Sussex; Savernake Forest, Wilts; Epping Forest, Hockley and 
Hadleigh Woods, Essex; Hay Park, Herefordshire; Gopsall Wood, 
Leicestershire; Cliffrigg, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Barcaldine, Argyll ; 
Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Killaloe, Clare; Killery Bay and 
Ballynahinch, Connemara, Galway. 
28. L. carpinea Wain. in Medd. Soc. Faun. & Fl. Fenn. xiv. 
p. 23 (1886).—Thallus determinate, thin, smooth or becoming 
unequally granulate towards the centre, greyish-white (K + 
yellow). Apothecia small or moderate in size, scattered or more 
often crowded and becoming angular, the disc pale- reddish- or 
dark-brown and more or less whitish-pruinose, plane, then often 
convex (CaCl + citrine-yellow), the thalline margin thin, generally 
entire, sometimes crenulate or often excluded ; paraphyses some- 
what conglutinate, slender, sometimes flexuose, septate, not 
widened upwards nor coloured at the tips, but the epithecium 
dark-brown and granulose; spores ellipsoid, generally rather 
small, 9-16 p long, 6-7 » thick; hymenial gelatine blue with 
iodine.—L. angulosa Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 364 (1810); Leight. 
Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 205; Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 419 (excel. var. 
chondrotypa). L. subfusca var. angulosa Mudd Man. p. 148 
(1861); f. angulosa Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 204 (1871). ZL. albella 
subsp. angulosa Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 51 (1870). Lichen carpineus 
L. Sp. Pl. p. 1141 (1753). ZL. angulosus Schreb. Spicil. Fl. Lips. 
p. 136 (1771). 
Ezxsice. Johns. nos. 133, 319, 4138 ; Larb. Lich. Cantab. n. 23; 
Mudd nos, 114, 115. 
Closely allied to the preceding species, differing, however, decisively 
in the yellow reaction of the apothecial dise with chloride of lime, It 
occurs usually in definite patches, with the apothecia crowded in the 
centre. The reaction with iodine depends on the solution; under a 
certain strength there is only a blue colour produced. This refers 
