294 CYCLOCARPINE [LECANORA 
yellowish or greyish straw-coloured (K + slightly yellow, 
CaCl —). Apothecia small or moderate in size, numerous, often 
crowded, irregular and confluent, the disc convex, turgid, pale 
flesh-coloured or becoming dark, the thalline margin excluded ; 
paraphyses slender, conglutinate, septate, scarcely wider upwards, 
the epithecium of brown granules ; spores oblong, 10-15 p long, 
3-5 p thick ; hymenial gelatine blue then tawny, the tips of the 
asci blue, with iodine-—Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xi. p. 183 (1873) 
& Monogr. i. p. 434 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 200. 
Ezxsicc. Jobns. n. 415, 136 pro parte ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 130; 
Mudd n. 117. 
Included by most systematists under Lecanora, and here retained 
in that genus, though in the absence of gonidia from the margin it 
might seem to belong more to the biatorine Lecidee. There is 
occasionally an appearance of a lighter-coloured margin, but that is 
due to the darker deposit of granules on the epithecium. The reaction 
with potash is sometimes scarcely perceptible. 
Hab. On old palings and trunks of trees.—Dvzstr. General in Great 
Britain ; not reported from Ireland.—B. M. Beauport and St. John’s, 
Jersey ; near Penzance, Cornwall; near Bovey Tracey, Devon; New 
Forest, Hants ; Henfield and Shermanbury, Sussex; Millhill, Middle- 
sex; Langford, Essex; near Minety, Wilts; Mendlesham, Suffolk; 
Gamlingay, Cambridgeshire ; Thringstone, Leicestershire ; Dolgelly, 
Merioneth ; Anglesea; Ballasalla, I. of Man; near Ayton, Cleveland, 
Yorkshire; Levens, Westmoreland; New Galloway, Kirkceudbright- 
shire; Blairdrummond near Stirling ; Finlarig, Killin and Ben Lawers, 
Perthshire ; Nigg, Kincardineshire ; Crathie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; 
Louisburgh, Mayo. 
Var. aitmea Ny]. in Flora lvi. p. 299 (1873).—Thallus 
slightly more developed than in the species. Apothecia more 
scattered, the disc blackish ; spores similar to the species or 
rather Jarger.—Cromb. in Grevillea xvi. p. 69 (1889) & 
Monogr. i. p. 435. rf varia var. aitema Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 163 
(1861); Mudd Man. p. 150 (1861); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 52 ; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 192; var. denigrata Mudd tom. cit. p. 151 
( 1861) (non Fr.). DL. symmicta var. aitema Ny). in Flora lv. 
p. 249 (187 oi Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 5, p. 183. LL. trabalis Nyl. 
in Flora Ix. p. 458 (1877) ; Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 435. Lecidea 
aitema Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 178 (1810). i seepincola f. trabalis 
si Syn. Lich. p. 35 (1814)? 
Hasice. pall S n. 66; Johns. n. 370; Larb. Lich. Hb. n, 255 ; 
Mudd n. 118. 
Growing frequently in small patches; the apothecial dises are 
dark-brown or blackish, owing to the dark-brown granules of the 
epithecium. 
Hab. On old palings or on stumps in oplactl districts.— Distr. 
tather common in England and Scotland.—B. M. Dartmoor, Devon ; 
near Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants; I. of Wight; near Millhill, 
Middlesex ; near Gamlingay, Cambridgeshire ; Battersby, Cleveland, 
Yorkshire; Stanhope, Weardale, Durham; Alston, Cumberland; 
