300 CYCLOCARPINEX [LECANORA 
47. L. orosthea Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 400 (1810).—Thallus 
spreading or determinate, thin, faintly or coarsely cracked-areolate, 
sometimes pulverulent, pale yellowish-coloured (K + yellowish- 
brown, CaCl — ). Apothecia small, rather rare, soon immarginate 
and convex or difform, coloured like the thallus or dull-blackish, 
subpruinose ; paraphyses crowded, slender, septate, scarcely 
thickened upwards, the epithecium colourless or sometimes 
blackish-brown ; spores ellipsoid-oblong, 9-16 » long, 6-7 p thick, 
but mostly rather small; hymenial gelatine blue with iodine.— 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 199; ed. 3, p. 183; Cromb. Monogr. i. 
p. 429. ZL. varia subsp. orosthea Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 52 (1870). 
Lichen orostheus Ach. Lich. Suec. Prodr. p. 38 (1798). Lecidea 
orosthea Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 72 (1803); 8. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. 
p. 470. 
Scarcely distinguishable from the preceding species, except in the 
smooth thinner rather lighter-coloured thallus. Crombie states that 
it grows chiefly on the smooth sides of perpendicular rocks, is very 
widely effuse, and generally sterile. 
Hab. On siliceous rocks.—Dist7. Rare in the British Isles, possibly 
often overlooked owing to the sterility of the thallus—B. M. Enner- 
dale, Cumberland; West Water, Fife; Craig Calliach, Perthshire ; 
Portlethen, Kincardineshire ; Cloghane, Kerry; Wicklow; Kylemore, 
Connemara, Galway. 
48. L. sulphurea Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 599 (1810).—Thallus a 
thickish smooth or sometimes granular crust, deeply cracked- 
areolate, the areole even or tumid, determinate, but the hypo- 
thallus indistinct, greenish-sulphur-coloured (K + yellowish-brown, 
CaCl—). Apothecia numerous, up to 1°5 mm. across, at first 
innate, becoming prominent, plane or convex, the disc olive- or 
dull-black, more or less pruinose, the thalline margin scarcely 
visible ; paraphyses coherent, septate, slightly wider ‘at the tips, 
the epithecium minutely g granular, greenish-black ; spores ellipsoid, 
10-15 p» long, 5-6 p thick ; hymenial gelatine blue with iodine. 
—Mudd Man. p. 152; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 52 & Monogr. i. 
p. 428; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 198 ; ed. 3, p. 182. Lichen sulphureus 
Hoffm. Enum. p. 32, t. 4, fig. 1 (1784); Dicks. Pl. Crypt. fase. ii. 
p. 17; With. Arr. ed. 6. LV. Py. ees Engl. Bot. t. 1186 (upper 
fig.). Lecidea sulphurea Wahlenb. Fl. “Lapp. p. 477 (1812) ; 
S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 470; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 38 & in 
Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 181; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 127. 
Exsice. Bohl. n. 117 ; Johns. n. 238 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. nos. 69, 
92; Leight. n. 114; Mudd n. 121. 
Distinctive in the colour of the thallus and the practically unmar- 
ginate dark apothecia; they are often crowded and become confluent. 
The spermogones are punctiform, immersed, with spermatia 15-20 » 
long, 1 » thick. 
Hab. On rocks and walls in maritime, more rarely in mountainous 
regions.— Distr, General and common in Great Britain and Ireland, 
