304 CYCLOCARPINEA! [LECANORA 
preceding in Wales, N. England, the Highlands of Scotland and 
W. Ireland.—B. M. Barmouth and Dolgelly, Merioneth; Llyn 
Geirionydd, Carnarvonshire; Bodbury Ring, near Church Stretton, 
Shropshire ; Ayton, Guisboro’, Kildale, Baysdale and Ingleby, Cleve- 
land, Yorkshire ; Swinhope, Northumberland; Egglestone, Durham ; 
Staveley, Westmoreland; Alston, Cumberland; Crianlarich, Ben 
Lawers, Killin (corticolous) and Craig Tulloch, Perthshire ; Portlethen, 
Kincardineshire; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Ben Nevis, 
Invernessshire; Dunkerron, Kerry; Twelve Pins, Doughruagh Mts. 
and Kylemore, Connemara, Galway. 
Var. leptacina Stizenb. Lich. Helv. p. 117 (1882).—Thallus 
of crowded or scattered thin squamulose minutely crenulate 
granules, smooth, greenish-straw-coloured on a black hypothallus 
(K + yellowish). Apothecia numerous, moderate in size, the 
disc plane, olive or blackish, sometimes yellowish-pruinose, the 
thalline margin persistent, generally crenulate ; paraphyses and 
spores similar to the species.—L. leptacina Sommerf. Suppl. Fl. 
Lapp. p. 96 (1826). L. varia var. terrestris Nyl. ex Cromb. Lich. 
Brit. p. 52 (1870); Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 193; subsp. leptacina 
Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xi. p. 134 (1873); Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, 
p. 177. L. polytropa subsp. intricata var. leptacina Cromb. in 
Grevillea xviii. p. 69 (1890) & Monogr. i. p. 439. 
Differing from the species in habitat and in the more brightly 
coloured thallus, very distinct against the dark substratum. 
Hab. On mosses (Grimmia and Andrea), upon boulders in alpine 
regions.— Distr. Rare on the summits of some of the Scottish Gram- 
pians.—B. M. Ben Lawers, Perthshire; Ben-na-boord, Braemar, 
Aberdeenshire. 
52. L. frustulosa Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 405 (1810).—Thallus 
of scattered or contiguous large or small rounded warts which 
are seamed or cracked, especially at the edges, yellowish or 
whitish on a black hypothallus (K + yellowish). Apothecia 
small or large, the disc plane or rather convex, dark-brown or 
generally black, the thalline margin entire or crenulate, generally 
rather prominent, sometimes disappearing ; paraphyses coherent, 
wider and brown upwards, the epithecium dark-brown ; spores 
ellipsoid, 10-14 p long, 5—6 p thick ; hymenial gelatine blue with 
iodine.—Hook. FI. Scot. ii. p. 48 & in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 189 ; 
Mudd Man. p. 145; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 52 & Monogr. i. p. 442 ; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 196 ; ed. 3, p. 179. Lichen frustulosus Dicks. 
Pl. Crypt. fase. iii. p. 13, t. 8, fig. 10 (1793); With. Arr. ed. 3, 
iv. p. 19; Engl. Bot. t. 2273. Rinodina frustulosa 8. F. Gray 
Nat. Arr. i. p. 451 (1821). 
Exzsice. Cromb. n. 165? Johns. n. 80; Leight. n. 293. 
An alpine or subalpine lichen, distinguished by the light-coloured 
smooth polished verruce, which are finely seamed and cracked, 
especially at the circumference, giving to the edge a crenulate appear- 
ance. The reaction with potash is much less marked than in the 
