306 CYCLOCARPINEX [LECANORA 
parte (non Sm. Engl. Bot.). Lichen badius Pers. in Ust. Ann. 
Bot. vii. p. 27 (1794). Rinodina badia 8S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. 
p. 450 (1821). 
Exsicc. Johns. 120; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 334; Leight. n. 206 ; 
Mudd n. 110. 
Kasily recognized by the dark colour of the whole plant and by 
the fusiform spores. The asci are generally thickened at the apices. 
The spermogones are frequent, with pleurogenous spermatia, 7-10 p 
long, 1 p thick. Crombie (Monogr. i. p. 452) remarks on the over- 
looking of this plant by early lichenologists, but there is one specimen 
from Teesdale in Sowerby’s herbarium as Parmelia squamulosa. 
Hab. On rocks and boulders from maritime to alpine districts.— 
Distr, General and common throughout the British Isles.—B. M. 
Guernsey ; La Moye, Gorey and Noirmont, Jersey; near Penzance, 
Cornwall; Bolt Head, Devon; Charnwood Forest, Bardon Hill and 
Thringstone, Leicestershire ; Long Mynd, Shropshire ; Barmouth and 
Dolgelly, Merioneth; Llyn Geirionydd, Carnarvonshire; Malvern, 
Worcestershire ; near Buxton, Derbyshire ; Cantley Spout and Rose- 
berry, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Teesdale, Durham; Blacklotand Staveley 
Head, Westmoreland; Ennerdale, Cumberland ; New Galloway, Kirk- 
cudbrightshire; Appin, Argyll; Ben Lawers, Perthshire; Nigg and 
Portlethen, Kincardineshire; Cairn Ture and Morrone, Braemar, 
Aberdeenshire; Ben Nevis, Invernessshire ; Mount Leinster, Carlow ; 
near Carnlough, Antrim. 
Var. cinerascens Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 170 (1871).—Thallus 
paler, brownish-grey, otherwise as in the species.—Cromb. Lich. 
Brit. p. 54 & Monogr. i. p. 452; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 213; ed. 3, 
p. 198. ; 
The difference in colour is very striking, and entitles the plant to 
varietal rank, though it may be the result of shaded growth. 
Hab. On shady schistose rocks and walls.—Distr. Local in Wales, 
the Central Grampians and N.E. Scotland.—B. M. Craig Tulloch, 
Blair Athole, Perthshire; Portlethen, Kineéardineshire. 
Subsp. picea Nyl. in Flora li. p. 478 (1868).—Thallus and 
apothecia black or blackish-brown ; spores generally smaller.— 
Cromb. in Journ. Bot. vii. p. 108 (1869); Lich. Brit. p. 54 & 
Monogr. i. p. 452; f. picea Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 214; ed. 3, p. 199. 
Lichen piceus Dicks. Pl. Crypt. fasc. iv. p. 22 (1801). 
Characterized by the darker colour. Crombie states that the 
spores are smaller and oblong, but they vary even in the same 
apothecium from being minute and ellipsoid to the fusiform condition 
and size of the species. 
Hab. On quartzose rocks in hilly districts.—Distr. Rare in 
N. England and among the Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. W. York- 
shire; Ben Lawers, Perthshire; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
55. L. austera Nyl. in Flora lvii. p. 309 (1874).—Thallus 
subdeterminate, unequally thickish, almost scaly, dark tawny- 
brown, the hypothallus thin, black, scarcely evident (K —). 
