308 CYCLOCARPINEA [LECANORA 
The apothecia may be so crowded as almost to obscure the thallus ; 
the spermogones, which are sparingly present, are embedded in the 
verruce and blackish at the ostioles, with spermatia 18-20 » long, 
1 » thick. 
An abnormal specimen was described by Sommerfelt (Suppl. Fl. 
Lapp. p. 103 (1826)) as Lecanora nephea, but as it refers to a 
‘* monstrosity” the name cannot be accepted. 
Hab. On rocks in mountainous districts.—Distr. Rare in Wales, 
N. England and the Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. Dolgelly, Merioneth ; 
Ennerdale, Cumberland ; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
58. L. torquata Nyl. in Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. sér. 3, i. p. 338 
(1856).—Thallus thickish, generally smooth, cracked-areolate, 
brownish-mouse-grey (K—); hypothallus black, limiting the 
thallus. Apothecia small, moderate in size or rather large, 
brownish-black, the thalline margin paler ; paraphyses thickish, 
discrete, sometimes branched, moniliform-septate, especially 
upwards, clavate and brown at the tips; spores varying from 
globose to ellipsoid when more mature, 5-10 p long, 3-5 p thick. 
—Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xii. p. 147 (1874) & Monogr. i. p. 454 ; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 200. Parmelia torquata Fr. Syst. Orb. 
Veg. p. 284 (1825). 
A somewhat rare lichen with a wide distribution in the Alps, 
Pyrenees, etc. The thallus is not unlike that of Lecidea rimosa. 
The apothecia in the Alderney specimens are more appressed, with 
thinner sometimes flexuose and indented margins. The most charac- 
teristic features are the well-developed paraphyses with the upper cell 
or cells a clear rich brown colour. The spores are larger than the 
recorded sizes (7 » long), and in our specimens are tinged brown, 
possibly an effect of age. 
Hab. On moist rocks.—B. M. Alderney (the only British locality). 
59. L. poliophea Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 398 (1810).—Thallus 
subdeterminate, deeply cracked-areolate, the areole composed of 
closely packed elongate roundish papille, greyish- or greenish- 
brown (K —). Apothecia numerous, small, adnate to the tips of 
the papille, the dise plane, dull-brown or blackish, the thalline 
margin thin, crenulate or papillate ; paraphyses slender, septate, 
the tips abruptly clavate, sometimes divided, dark-brown especially 
over the apex ; spores ellipsoid, simple, small, 7-13 » long, 4-6 pw 
thick.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 50 & Monogr. i. p. 408 ; Leight. Lich. 
Fl. p. 214; ed. 3, p. 200. L. spodophea Ach. tom. cit. p. 385 ; 
Borr. Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2662, fig. 3 ; Hook. in Sm. Engl. FI. v. 
p. 188. Parmelia poliophea Wahlenb. ex Ach. Meth. Lich. 
Suppl. p. 38 (1803). P. spodophzea Wahlenb. tom. cit. p. 37. 
Nasiec. Cromb. n. 62. 
The papillate granules resemble those of Lecania aipospila, but 
are more slender. In moist situations the thallus is greenish 
(L. spodophea) ; in dryer conditions it is dark-coloured (L. poliophea), 
and that is the more permanent state. 
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