LECANORA } LECANORACEX® 315 
§ iv. Aspicin1a Massal. Ric. Lich. Crost. p. 36 (1852) (as 
genus); Mudd Man. p. 161.—Thallus variously crustaceous. 
Apothecia innate in the thallus then more or less emergent, the 
thalline margin persistent or disappearing, the proper margin 
often prominent ; hypothecium nearly always colourless ; para- 
physes generally simple and densely septate ; spores ellipsoid, 
large or small. 
Aspicilia is frequently classified as a genus, as the early stages of 
apothecial development differ from those of Lecanora, being more 
akin to those of Lecidea, the thalline margin, which may be prominent 
and persistent, growing up with and around the apothecium as a later 
development. Lecanora Dicksonii and L. pelobotrya are retained for 
convenience of reference, but they are more truly Lecidee. 
There are two groups differing in the gonidia :— 
Fis SNOASPICIEIA...36.0%<0.0see0c0s Algal cells Protococcacee. 
ee A OWAGEIG: oo. sco dcpiciseoeeanes Algal cells Trentepohlia. 
A. Euaspicilia—Algal cells Protococcus. 
a. Thallus whitish or cinereous-grey, K + yellow then red. 
66. L. cinerea Sommerf. Suppl. Fl. Lapp. p. 99 (1826).— 
Thallus effuse or determinate, cracked-areolate, brownish- or 
whitish-grey (KK + yellow, then rusty red, CaCl—). Apothecia 
rather small, at first immersed and concave, becoming sessile 
and plane, the disc black, the thalline margin entire ; paraphyses 
coherent, septate, generally divided in moniliform fashion near 
the tips, the epithecium dark-brown ; spores ellipsoid, 8 or some- 
times 6 in the ascus, 15-23 p» long, 8-14 p» thick; hymenial 
gelatine blue then wine-red with iodine.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. 
p. 54 & Monogr. i. p. 466; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 195; ed. 3, p. 172 
(incl. ff. rimoso-areolata, diffracto-areolata and verrucoso-areolata). 
Lichen cinereus L. Mant. i. p. 132 (176)? Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2, 
p. 525% Ach. Lich. Suec. Prodr. p. 32 (1798) ; Engl. Bot. t.1751. - 
Ureeolaria cinerea Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 143 (1803); S. F. Gray 
Nat. Arr. i. p. 458; Hook. in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 172; Tayl. in 
Mackay FI. Hib. ii. p. 132. Aspicilia cinerea Keerb. Syst. Lich. 
Germ. p. 164 (1855); Mudd Man. p. 162 pro parte. 
Ezxsice. Johns. n. 270. 
A very variable plant as regards growth stages both of the thallus 
and the apothecia, so that the reaction with potash is of great value 
in determining the different forms. The thallus spreads extensively 
though generally limited. The apothecia are abundant. Crombie 
has included as a growth stage Lecanora calcarea f. ochracea Leight. 
Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 193 (1879); as it is based on Urceolaria cinerea 
var. ochracea Scher. Spicil. Fl. Helv. p. 72 (1826) it evidently belongs 
here, but the British Museum specimen of f. ochracea (Leight. exs. 
n. 292) is L. flavida. Another specimen labelled Parmelia cinerea 
var. atrocinerea (Leight exs. n. 205) is imperfect but evidently a 
Lecidea. Another very small specimen from Jersey collected by 
