318 CYCLOCARPINEA [LECANORA 
Lichen caleareus L. Sp. Pl. p. 1140 (1753); Huds. Fl. Angl. 
p. 442; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 6 pro parte. LL. tessellatus Sm. 
Engl. Bot. t. 533 (1798). L. multipunctus Sm. op. cit. t. 820 
(1800). Urceolaria calcarea Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 142 (1803) ; 
S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 459; Hook. in Sm. Engl. Fi. v. 
p. 172; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 132; var. concreta 
Scher. Spicil. Lich. Helv. p. 73 (1826). U. tessellata Ach. 1. ¢. ; 
S. F. Gray tom. cit. p. 460.  Aspicilia calearea Kerb, Parerg. 
Lich. p. 94 (1859); Mudd Man. p. 161, t. 3. fig. 55. 
Exsicc. Johns. nos. 145, 146; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 166; 
Leight. n. 13; Mudd n. 133. 
Easily distinguished by the whitish thallus (except in var. Hoff- 
mannt which is bluish-grey) and by the black apothecia at first 
immersed, then often with prominent margins. The typical condition 
of the plant with the areole contiguous and angular has been 
described as var. concreta. Two figures in Engl. Bot. Lichen tessel- 
latus and Lichen multipunctus evidently belong here. The former has 
been doubtfully cited under Verrucaria viridula (Monogr. ii. p. 284). 
The spermogones, according to Crombie, are frequent and dark 
coloured, with spermatia 7-9 » long, about 1 p» thick. 
Hab. On calcareous (rarely granitic) rocks and walls in maritime 
and upland regions.— Distr. General and common in limestone dis- 
tricts.—B. M. Near Penzance, Cornwall; Plymouth and Torquay, 
Devon; Bathampton Downs, Somerset; Mid-Sussex Weald; Folke- 
stone, Kent; Cuddeson, Oxfordshire; Burgh Castle, Suffolk; Malvern 
Hills, Worcestershire ; Llanymynech, Shropshire ; Barmouth, Merion- 
eth; Llangollen, Denbighshire; Great Orme’s Head, Carnarvon ; 
Anglesea; Cunning Dale, near Buxton, Derbyshire ; Bilsdale, York- 
shire; Egglestone, Durham; Levens, Westmoreland; Lismore and 
Appin, Argyll; Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole, Perthshire; Morrone, 
Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Dunkerron and Killarney, Kerry; Maam, 
Connemara, Galway; Clare Island and Castlebar, Mayo. 
Var. contorta Hepp Flecht. Eur. n. 629 (1860).—Thallus of 
scattered or contiguous squamule-like areole which are rounded 
or angular and crenulate, often raised in the centre, white or 
greyish-white. Apothecia immersed in the areole, small, spores 
ellipsoid or subglobose, somewhat smaller than in the species, up 
to about 25 pw long, 17 p thick.—Cromb. Monogr. i. p. 474; 
f. contorta Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 193 (1879). Verrucaria 
contorta Hoffm. Pl. Lich, i. p. 97%, t. 22, figs. 3-4 (1790). 
Urceolaria contorta DC. Fl. France. ii. p. 370 (1805); Tayl. in 
Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 132. Aspicilia calearea var. contorta 
Mudd Man. p. 162 (1861). 
Exsicc. Johns. n. 147 ; Leight. n. 322. 
Distinguished by the scattered and generally rounded thalline 
areole. 7 
Hab. On calcareous rocks chiefly in upland districts.—Distr. 
Rather rare in Great Britain and [reland.—B. M. Near Kingskerswell, 
Devon; Symond’s Yat, Herefordshire; near Malvern, Worcester- 
shire; near Oswestry, Shropshire ; Great Orme’s Head, Carnarvon- 
