350 CYCLOCARPINEE [LECANIA 
cinereous or whitish (K —, CaCl —). Apothecia rather small, 
at first plane, with a thin whitish-grey margin, becoming convex 
and immarginate, the disc brown or blackish, generally bluish- 
white-pruinose ; paraphyses rather slender, coherent, septate, 
wider upwards and colourless, but the epithecium suffused with 
brown ; spores oblong or subfusiform, rarely curved, becoming 
3-septate, 14-20 p long, 4-5 pw thick; hymenial gelatine blue 
then wine-red with iodine.—L. cerulescens Mudd Man. p. 140, 
t. 2, fig. 46 (1861) (incl. var. cxruleorubella). Lecanora athro- 
carpa f. cerulescens Cromb. Lich, Brit. p. 53 (1870); Leight. 
Lich. Fl. p. 251; ed. 3, p. 223. L. Nylanderiana Ny). ex Norrl. 
in Sillsk. Faun. & FI. Fenn. i. p. 24 (1876) ; Cromb. Monogr, i. 
p. 448 (incl. var. cwruleorubella). 
Exsicc. Leight. n. 294; Mudd n. 103. 
Distinguished by the broken granular thallus and the pruinose 
apothecia. 
Hab. On old walls in upland districts.—Dzstr. Local and scarce 
in W. and N. England.—B. M. Preston, near Cirencester, Gloucester- 
shire; near Stokesley, near Marsk and near Ayton, Cleveland, York- 
shire. 
18. L. syringea Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. p. 290 (1871).—Thallus 
effuse, thinly furfuraceous or scarcely visible, greyish-white 
(K —, CaCl—). Apothecia small, numerous, the dise plane, 
brownish or brownish-black, naked or pruinose, becoming convex, 
the thin entire thalline margin disappearing ; paraphyses coherent, 
slender, sparsely septate, clavate and generally brown at the 
tips; spores 4-16 in the ascus, ellipsoid, oblong or subfusiform 
usually somewhat curved, 1—3-septate, 12-16 p long, 4—6 p thick ; 
hymenial gelatine blue then wine-red or violet with iodine,— 
L. fuscella Mudd Man. p. 140, t. 2, fig. 45 (1861) pro parte (non 
Massal.). Parmelia Hageni var. syringea Ach) Meth. Lich. p. 163 
(1803). P. pallida var. fuscella Scher. Lich. Helv. Spicil. p. 397 
(1839). Lecanora athroocarpa Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 53 (1870) 
(? Duby) (incl. var. fuscella) ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 231 pro parte ; 
ed. 3, p. 223 pro parte. LL. syringea Lamy in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 
xxv. p. 415 (1878); Cromb. in Grevillea xviii. p. 70 (1890) & 
Monogr. i. p. 448. 
Exsicc. Johns. n, 269, 
Apt to be mistaken for a species of Bilimbia, unless the thalline 
margin is specially looked for, as at an early stage the apothecia 
become convex. Jatta (Il. Ital. Crypt. Lich. p. 402) retains L. athroo- 
carpa Massal. as a separate species with persistent apothecial margin 
and smaller spores, and with it he associates L. fuscella Massal. as a 
synonym, so that the name L. syringea is correct for the above lichen. 
Hab. On trees, chiefly poplar and maple, in maritime and upland 
districts. — Distr. Rather rare in S.W. and N. England.—JB. M, Ilsham, 
near Torquay, Devon; near Brading, I. of Wight; Brockenhurst and 
near Stoney Cross, New Forest, Hants; near The Beck, Malvern, 
Worcestershire ; Stokesley, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Teesdale, Durham. 
